MedNext Clinical Team
Clinical Guides
424 clinically focused guides for Indian medical students and doctors.
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Clinical Guides
Browse 424 substantial clinical guides prepared by the MedNext Clinical Team. Each guide covers assessment, differential diagnosis, management, prescribing, red flags, Indian clinical context, NMC competency mapping and exam-focused learning points.
Use these guides to structure clinical reasoning, identify urgent escalation points and connect core medical knowledge with Indian practice and NMC outcomes.
Every guide includes mapped references and correction details. Search by condition, jump by letter, or narrow the library by a broad clinical area and subcategory.
Browse all clinical guides
Achalasia
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing and managing adult achalasia in Indian practice, with explicit pseudoachalasia exclusion, manometric classification, procedure selection, post-treatment reflux care and evidence limits.
Acne Vulgaris
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to acne assessment and longitudinal care in India, integrating scarring and mental-health risk, antimicrobial stewardship, pregnancy safety, skin-of-colour outcomes and strict dermatologist-led isotretinoin safeguards.
Acromegaly
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused guide to adult acromegaly diagnosis and longitudinal care in India, integrating IGF-1 and GH interpretation, pituitary tumour control, comorbidity screening, surgery, medicines, radiotherapy and pregnancy planning.
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused emergency guide to recognising suspected adrenal crisis, giving immediate hydrocortisone and fluids without waiting for tests, treating the precipitant, and preventing recurrence through practical sick-day planning in India.
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused emergency guide to acute angle-closure crisis in India, covering rapid recognition, immediate pressure-lowering care, mechanism-specific definitive iridotomy, fellow-eye protection and limits of non-ophthalmic management.
Acute Appendicitis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Surgery
An India-adapted guide to probability-based diagnosis, imaging in adults, children and pregnancy, operative and antibiotic options, complications, transfer, and uncertainty in acute appendicitis.
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to urgent recognition, microbiological diagnosis and safe treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis, with sepsis, retention, abscess, instrumentation and resistance safeguards, culture ownership, prohibition of prostate massage, selective imaging, India-specific antibiogram limitations and an explicit forty-eight-hour reassessment pathway.
Acute Cholecystitis
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused guide to recognizing, grading and managing acute cholecystitis in India, including ultrasound, competing biliary emergencies, antimicrobial stewardship, early surgery, drainage, pregnancy, high-risk patients and safe transfer decisions.
Acute Epididymitis and Epididymo-orchitis
Women & Children · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused clinical guide to acute epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis, centred on immediate exclusion of testicular torsion, pathogen-directed antimicrobial care, partner management, resistance safeguards and structured reassessment in Indian practice.
Acute Gastroenteritis
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to acute infectious diarrhoea across age groups in India, prioritising dehydration and shock, selective testing, safe rehydration, antimicrobial stewardship, infection control and outbreak escalation.
Acute Kidney Injury
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A source-grounded guide to detecting, staging and treating acute kidney injury, with cause-directed fluid and medicine decisions, dialysis triggers, recovery follow-up and India-specific infection, toxin, access and referral safeguards.
Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused emergency guide to acute mesenteric ischaemia in Indian practice, covering immediate CT angiography, phenotype-specific anticoagulation and revascularisation, bowel-viability surgery, sepsis care, transfer constraints and the limits of predominantly observational evidence.
Acute Otitis Media
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A clinically focused guide to acute otitis media in children, centred on diagnostic certainty, pain relief, observation safety, selective antibiotics and India-specific antimicrobial stewardship.
Acute Pancreatitis: Early Assessment and Escalation
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A source-grounded guide to diagnosing acute pancreatitis, providing monitored supportive care, and identifying biliary, infective and organ-failure pathways that require urgent specialist intervention.
Acute Pyelonephritis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused, India-contextualised guide to recognising acute pyelonephritis, assessing severity, obtaining cultures and directing antimicrobial and source-control decisions under clinical supervision.
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-adapted learning guide to recognising acute rheumatic fever, excluding dangerous mimics, preventing recurrence and arranging multidisciplinary follow-up without substituting for local paediatric or cardiology protocols.
Addison's Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused guide to recognising and confirming primary adrenal insufficiency, providing physiological replacement, preventing adrenal crisis, and adapting long-term care to Indian practice.
Adult Chest Infections
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused adult chest-infection guide for India that separates self-limiting bronchitis from pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, COVID-19 and aspiration while prioritising severity, imaging, microbiology, oxygen, sepsis care, pleural complications and antimicrobial stewardship.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to recognising, investigating and managing age-related macular degeneration in India, with urgent pathways for suspected neovascular disease, realistic treatment limits, visual rehabilitation and explicit safeguards against delaying specialist retinal assessment.
Alcohol Use Disorders
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted, review-only learning guide to recognising alcohol-related harm, stabilising withdrawal safely, and organising continuing care.
Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
An evidence-led guide to the full spectrum of alcohol-associated liver disease, integrating withdrawal safety, nutrition, prognostic assessment, addiction care and transplant referral in India.
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing and managing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in asthma, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis, with Indian tuberculosis differentials, precise immunological and imaging criteria, steroid and azole safety, biologic evidence limits and access-aware follow-up.
Allergic Rhinitis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Immunology & Allergy
A clinically focused clinical guide to allergic rhinitis across adult, child and pregnancy contexts in India, covering phenotype-led diagnosis, trigger reduction, intranasal treatment, asthma linkage, immunotherapy selection and safety-netting for important mimics.
Alopecia and Hair Loss
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused clinical guide to patterned, patchy, diffuse and scarring hair loss, integrating morphology, targeted investigation, reproductive safety, minoxidil, systemic and immune therapy, irreversible follicular-loss warnings, psychosocial care and Indian access constraints.
Amenorrhoea
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A structured guide to primary and secondary amenorrhoea, emphasising pregnancy exclusion, axis-based diagnosis, cause-specific management and transparent limits for Indian practice.
Amoebiasis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused guide to intestinal and extra-intestinal Entamoeba histolytica infection in India, separating reliable diagnosis and staged treatment from common microscopy, resistance and jurisdiction errors.
Amoebic Liver Abscess
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused Indian clinical guide to recognizing, distinguishing and treating amoebic liver abscess, including drainage decisions, luminal eradication and dangerous mimics.
Anal Fissure
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Surgery
A clinically focused guide to acute, chronic and atypical anal fissure, integrating direct visual diagnosis, soft-formed stool care, topical sphincter relaxation, botulinum and surgery pathways, continence preservation, pregnancy considerations, secondary causes and Indian access limitations.
Anaphylaxis
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused guide to rapid anaphylaxis recognition, immediate intramuscular adrenaline, physiological resuscitation, risk-based observation and prevention of recurrence in Indian practice.
Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Emergency Management
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused guide to recognising and treating anaphylaxis across Indian emergency, hospital and immunisation settings, prepared for mandatory clinical review.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to recognising and managing ankylosing spondylitis within the axial spondyloarthritis spectrum in India, including imaging pitfalls, extra-musculoskeletal disease and biologic-treatment safeguards.
Antenatal Care: Structured Assessment and Prevention in Pregnancy
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A practical, India-centred guide to routine antenatal contacts, maternal and fetal assessment, preventive care, risk escalation and birth preparedness.
Antibiotic Stewardship
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused guide to antibiotic stewardship across Indian outpatient, inpatient and long-term-care settings, centred on clinical diagnosis, cultures, local antibiograms, formulary governance, review decisions, measurement and explicit evidence limits.
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea and Clostridioides difficile Infection
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A source-grounded guide to recognising antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, diagnosing and isolating suspected Clostridioides difficile infection, stopping avoidable inciting drugs, treating severity and recurrence, escalating fulminant disease and applying stewardship within Indian access and resistance constraints.
Antiplatelet Treatment
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to choosing single or dual antiplatelet therapy for acute coronary syndrome, ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and peripheral arterial disease while limiting avoidable bleeding.
Anxiety Disorders
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
A clinically grounded, India-adapted guide to distinguishing anxiety syndromes, excluding dangerous mimics, assessing suicide and substance risk, and planning evidence-based psychological and medication care.
Aortic Dissection
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
An India-contextualised emergency guide to recognising acute aortic dissection, selecting definitive imaging, starting monitored anti-impulse treatment and arranging immediate transfer to an experienced aortic centre.
Aortic Stenosis
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising and staging aortic stenosis in adults, resolving discordant echocardiography, selecting surveillance or valve intervention through a Heart Team, and applying current international guidance cautiously within India's variable surgical and transcatheter access landscape.
Aphthous Ulcers
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing recurrent aphthous stomatitis, relieving pain safely, investigating systemic causes in India, using topical corticosteroids without masking infection or cancer, and referring persistent, atypical or disabling ulceration.
Approach to Abdominal Pain
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused, unstable-first framework for abdominal pain that integrates resuscitation, humane analgesia, targeted investigation, surgical and vascular emergencies, pregnancy-related risk, toxic-metabolic mimics, and referral realities across Indian health systems.
Approach to Altered Sensorium
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused, unstable-first guide to acute altered mental status and reduced consciousness, integrating airway and glucose rescue, seizure, stroke, meningitis, poisoning, metabolic causes, capacity, safeguarding, and transfer decisions in Indian practice.
Approach to Anaemia
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A mechanism-led guide to stabilising, classifying and investigating anaemia across adults, pregnancy and childhood, with practical interpretation of red-cell indices, reticulocytes, iron, vitamin, haemolysis and marrow findings in India.
Approach to Bleeding Disorders
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A safety-first guide to assessing acute and recurrent bleeding, separating platelet, coagulation and mixed disorders, interpreting screening and specialist tests, and coordinating reversal, haemostatic support and referral in India.
Approach to Breathlessness
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A structured India-adapted approach to stabilising, investigating and repeatedly reassessing acute or chronic breathlessness without allowing a reassuring first impression to obscure respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic or toxic emergencies.
Approach to Chest Pain
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A time-critical India-adapted framework for stabilising and investigating chest pain while actively protecting against missed acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and pericardial emergencies.
Approach to Cough
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused clinical approach to acute and chronic cough in adults, integrating urgent triage, tuberculosis case-finding, targeted respiratory investigation, treatment limits and the realities of Indian referral and diagnostic access.
Approach to Diabetes Mellitus
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused clinical approach to adult diabetes mellitus in India, covering diagnostic confirmation, type and emergency assessment, individualised cardiometabolic treatment, pregnancy, complications, monitoring and access-aware continuity of care.
Approach to Fever of Unknown Origin
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused approach to prolonged unexplained fever in immunocompetent adults, integrating diagnostic discipline, India-relevant infection and tuberculosis assessment, inflammatory and malignant causes, treatment restraint, and explicit exceptions for unstable or immunocompromised patients.
Approach to Haematuria
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused approach to visible and microscopic haematuria, covering confirmation, glomerular-versus-urologic localisation, infection, stones and cancer, anticoagulants, risk-adapted imaging and cystoscopy, and the distinct limits of adult guidance in pregnancy and childhood.
Approach to Headache
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused, safety-first approach to headache in adults and adolescents, from phenotype and medication overuse to time-critical secondary causes, rational imaging, pregnancy and access-aware care in India.
Approach to Hypertension
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused clinical approach to raised blood pressure in adults, covering accurate measurement, out-of-office confirmation, cardiovascular and renal risk, emergencies, secondary causes, pregnancy and affordable continuity of care in India.
Approach to Jaundice
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A physiology-led and emergency-aware approach to jaundice that distinguishes bilirubin fractions and liver-injury patterns, identifies acute liver failure, cholangitis and haemolysis, and adapts investigation and referral to Indian infectious, drug-exposure and access realities.
Approach to Joint Pain
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A pattern-based and safety-first approach to joint pain that separates monoarticular from polyarticular disease, prioritises septic arthritis and aspiration, distinguishes crystal, inflammatory and mechanical syndromes, and accounts for tuberculosis, pregnancy, immunosuppression and Indian referral constraints.
Approach to Neck Swelling
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Surgery
A clinically focused approach to neck swelling across age groups, prioritising airway safety, infection, malignancy, tuberculosis, thyroid disease, anatomical localisation, ultrasound-guided sampling and reliable referral in Indian practice.
Approach to Neonatal Jaundice
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A clinically focused approach to jaundice in the first 28 days, integrating age-in-hours bilirubin interpretation, haemolysis, sepsis, G6PD deficiency, cholestasis, feeding, phototherapy, exchange escalation and dependable follow-up in Indian newborn care.
Approach to Oedema
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused clinical approach to localised and generalised oedema in adults, integrating emergency triage, venous and lymphatic causes, cardiac, renal, hepatic, protein-losing, drug-related and pregnancy-associated disease in the Indian care context.
Approach to Poisoning
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused emergency approach to suspected poisoning in India, covering resuscitation, toxidromes, focused diagnostics, limited decontamination, selected antidotes, pesticide and corrosive exposures, poison-centre support, safeguarding and medicolegal documentation.
Approach to Seizures
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A safety-first, clinically focused approach to seizure-like events, convulsive status epilepticus, provoked and first unprovoked seizures, epilepsy diagnosis, investigations, treatment and follow-up in Indian practice.
Approach to Skin Rash
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A morphology-led, safety-first approach to acute and chronic rashes, integrating emergency recognition, drug and infectious causes, isolation, investigations, biopsy, treatment and referral in Indian practice.
Asthma
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused guide to confirming, assessing and managing asthma across Indian primary, emergency and specialist care, including inhaler technique, ICS-containing treatment, acute attacks, children, pregnancy and biologic referral while preserving patient-specific clinical judgement.
Atrial Fibrillation
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to atrial fibrillation confirmation and emergency stabilization, stroke prevention, rate and rhythm strategies, cardioversion, ablation and care across Indian primary, emergency and cardiology settings, including valvular disease, kidney impairment and pregnancy.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted, lifespan guide to developmental diagnosis, multi-informant assessment, functional support, cautious prescribing, monitoring, and transition of care for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Recognition, Assessment and Lifelong Support
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
A practical, neurodiversity-aware guide to recognising autism, conducting a multi-setting assessment, identifying co-occurring needs and coordinating individualised support across health, family and education systems.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing and managing autoimmune hepatitis in India, including seronegative disease, biopsy, variant syndromes, pregnancy, difficult-to-treat disease and transplantation.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to diagnosing and risk-stratifying autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, with family testing, selective aneurysm screening, tolvaptan safety, pregnancy planning and practical Indian referral pathways.
Bacterial Vaginosis
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising bacterial vaginosis, confirming the diagnosis, selecting India-appropriate treatment and managing pregnancy, recurrence and important alternative diagnoses.
Balanitis and Balanoposthitis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to inflammatory disease of the glans and foreskin, distinguishing infection, dermatoses, phimosis and premalignancy with respectful Indian practice context, including consent-based examination, targeted STI and diabetes testing, non-traumatic hygiene, diagnosis-specific topical treatment, biopsy thresholds, paraphimosis and Fournier emergencies, paediatric foreskin safety and transparent limits on transferring European recommendations into local services.
Barrett's Oesophagus
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing and managing Barrett's oesophagus in Indian practice, with disciplined endoscopy and pathology, risk-stratified surveillance, dysplasia confirmation, ablation pathways and explicit evidence limits.
Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis)
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded guide to assessing and managing nocturnal enuresis in children and young people, with developmental, family, safeguarding and Indian access considerations, prepared for clinical review.
Bell's Palsy
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to diagnosing and managing acute peripheral facial weakness, prioritising stroke exclusion, corneal protection, timely corticosteroids and context-sensitive referral, prepared for clinical review.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing canal-specific BPPV, excluding central positional vertigo, selecting safe repositioning manoeuvres and reducing falls and recurrence in Indian practice.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to benign prostatic hyperplasia and benign prostatic obstruction, separating pathology from symptom syndromes while covering PSA decisions, retention, renal risk, medicines, procedures, sexual effects and Indian access limitations.
Bipolar Disorder
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted guide to recognising bipolar-spectrum illness, assessing mania and depression safely, and coordinating specialist-led long-term care.
Bladder Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to recognising haematuria, confirming and staging bladder cancer, separating non-muscle-invasive from muscle-invasive disease, and coordinating safe multidisciplinary care in India.
Blepharitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to anterior and posterior blepharitis for Indian practice, emphasizing lid-margin examination, driver-specific care, corneal safety and atypical features that require specialist assessment.
Boils and Carbuncles
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to distinguishing furuncles and carbuncles from cellulitis and hidradenitis, achieving source control, using antibiotics selectively and investigating recurrent disease in Indian practice.
Breast Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to recognising, diagnosing and coordinating breast cancer care in India, with triple assessment, subtype-directed multidisciplinary treatment, treatment-toxicity safety, referral pathways and explicit limits on applying non-Indian protocols.
Breastfeeding Problems: Assessment, Lactation Support and Safe Referral
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to common breastfeeding difficulties, infant safety and lactation support; it does not replace a feeding observation, paediatric assessment or individual treatment plan.
Breathlessness Assessment
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused guide to unstable-first assessment of adult breathlessness, separating oxygenation from ventilation while integrating pulmonary, cardiac, vascular, haematological, metabolic and functional causes in Indian care settings.
Bronchiectasis
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused adult bronchiectasis guide covering CT confirmation, treatable causes, tuberculosis and NTM safeguards, airway clearance, culture-led exacerbation care, antimicrobial limits, haemoptysis and India-specific referral pathways.
Bronchiolitis
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded paediatric guide to recognising bronchiolitis, grading severity, delivering supportive care and applying Indian facility pathways, prepared for specialist review.
Burns Assessment
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused guide to first contact burn assessment in India, covering scene safety, airway threats, burn depth and extent, resuscitation, wound care, transfer, special mechanisms, documentation and the limits of care outside a burn service.
Bursitis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to recognizing mechanical, crystal-associated and septic bursitis, selecting proportionate investigations, and planning safe treatment and referral in Indian practice.
Cardiac Arrest
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
An India-contextualised guide to adult cardiac-arrest recognition, high-quality CPR, AED and defibrillator use, rhythm-based advanced life support, reversible causes, transfer and evidence-based post-arrest care.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to primary cardiovascular risk assessment for adults in India, integrating blood pressure, lipids, diabetes, smoking, kidney disease and family history with the limits of population risk calculators, shared decisions and safe preventive prescribing.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to carpal tunnel syndrome assessment and management in India, covering median-nerve localisation, mimics, thenar weakness, selective testing, splinting, injection, decompression, occupational and pregnancy considerations, and the limits of available evidence.
Cataracts
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused clinical guide to adult cataract assessment and referral in India, covering functional impairment, ocular examination, surgical planning, consent, postoperative safety, public-sector pathways and limits of non-specialist care while avoiding unsupported national protocols or fixed visual-acuity thresholds.
Cellulitis and Erysipelas
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused clinical guide to cellulitis and erysipelas in Indian practice, covering clinical diagnosis, mimics, necrotising infection and sepsis, portals of entry, oedema, oral and intravenous treatment decisions, local resistance, recurrence prevention, diabetes, immunosuppression and evidence limits.
Cerebral Palsy
Brain & Mental Health · Neurology
A clinically focused guide to cerebral palsy across childhood and transition in India, covering early recognition, functional classification, comorbidity surveillance, feeding, hip health, tone, equipment, education, family partnership and safeguarding without promising a cure.
Cervical Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to recognising, confirming, staging and coordinating cervical cancer care in India, with prevention, oncological-emergency safety, fertility considerations and explicit limits on transferring foreign treatment pathways.
Cervical Screening: Prevention, Testing Pathways and Safe Referral
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to cervical-cancer screening, interpretation of screening results and safe referral; it distinguishes screening in asymptomatic people from diagnostic assessment of symptoms and is not an individual screening order.
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused guide to recognising and containing varicella in India, with explicit pathways for pregnancy, neonates and immunocompromise, time-sensitive prevention and treatment, and clear limits where specialist or local public-health advice is required.
Chikungunya
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to phase-specific recognition, laboratory confirmation, supportive care and follow-up of chikungunya, with explicit dengue exclusion and prescribing safeguards.
Childhood Asthma
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded guide to recognising, confirming and managing asthma in children, aligned with current WHO, IAP, NHM and NMC guidance and awaiting clinical review.
Childhood Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded guide to childhood atopic dermatitis assessment, skin-barrier care, anti-inflammatory treatment and escalation, with Indian context and mandatory review.
Childhood Obesity
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded paediatric guide to respectful obesity assessment, comorbidity screening, family-centred treatment and Indian nutrition and child-health context, prepared for review.
Chlamydia
Women & Children · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to asymptomatic and symptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection in India, integrating exposure-site NAAT testing, complications, pregnancy and neonatal care, partner services, antimicrobial stewardship and stigma-free follow-up.
Cholera
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to rapid rehydration, selective resistance-aware antimicrobial use, laboratory confirmation and coordinated cholera outbreak control.
Chronic Heart Failure
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-facing guide to recognising chronic heart failure, confirming its phenotype, using monitored disease-modifying care and escalating deterioration safely.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to confirming, classifying and slowing chronic kidney disease, integrating albuminuria, cause, cardiovascular risk, safe prescribing, complications, nephrology referral and feasible kidney-replacement or conservative care in India.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused guide to confirming, phenotyping and managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Indian practice, including tobacco, household-air-pollution and post-tuberculosis contexts, exacerbations, respiratory failure, comorbidity and limits of guideline transfer.
Chronic Pain
Brain & Mental Health · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused guide to assessing and managing chronic primary and secondary pain in Indian practice, with multimodal rehabilitation, opioid safeguards, referral thresholds and explicit evidence limits.
Chronic Pancreatitis: Long-Term Pancreatic Care
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A source-grounded guide to chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, pain, diabetes, malignancy vigilance and specialist endoscopic or surgical decision-making in India.
Chronic Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to distinguishing chronic bacterial prostatitis from chronic pelvic pain syndrome and delivering phenotype-directed, antimicrobial-stewardship-conscious care across urinary, pelvic-floor, sexual, bowel, neuropathic and psychosocial domains with explicit emergency exclusions, time-limited treatment trials, functional outcome review, antibiotic-harm prevention and Indian service limitations.
Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to identifying, staging and managing cirrhosis in Indian practice, with focused pathways for ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, encephalopathy, varices, hepatocellular carcinoma, nutrition, transplantation and palliative care.
Cluster Headache
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused, India-facing clinical guide to recognising cluster headache, excluding dangerous mimics, and arranging safe acute, preventive and specialist care.
Coeliac Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognizing, confirming and managing coeliac disease without undermining diagnosis through premature gluten withdrawal, with age-specific biopsy pathways, nutritional surveillance and practical Indian dietary safeguards.
Colorectal Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to recognising, confirming, staging and coordinating multidisciplinary care for colon and rectal cancer, with explicit limits on applying older Indian consensus and foreign pathways.
Combined Hormonal Contraception: Eligibility, Counselling and Safe Use
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to choosing, assessing and monitoring combined hormonal contraception; it supports clinical reasoning but is not a substitute for a current local protocol or an individual prescription.
Common Cold
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A source-grounded guide to diagnosing and managing uncomplicated viral upper respiratory illness while recognising serious mimics and avoiding unnecessary antibiotics in Indian practice.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A source-grounded guide to recognising, confirming and treating community-acquired pneumonia, with severity, sepsis, tuberculosis and antimicrobial-resistance safeguards for Indian practice.
Conjunctivitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to conjunctivitis across ages, emphasizing diagnostic uncertainty, corneal and contact-lens red flags, neonatal infection, antimicrobial limits, steroid hazards, infection control and Indian access pathways.
Constipation in Adults
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A source-grounded guide to recognising, evaluating and managing constipation in adults, including alarm features, secondary causes, pelvic-floor dysfunction, pregnancy, refractory disease and the limits of transferring international guidance into Indian practice.
Constipation in Children
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A source-grounded guide to recognising and managing constipation in infants, children and adolescents, with functional criteria, neonatal and neurological red flags, disimpaction, maintenance, family support, safeguarding and India-specific access considerations.
Contact Dermatitis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused clinical guide to distinguishing irritant from allergic contact dermatitis, tracing domestic and occupational exposures, using patch testing appropriately, restoring the skin barrier and preventing recurrent disease in Indian practice.
COPD: Confirmation and Long-Term Care
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clean-room, evidence-bound pathway for confirming COPD, separating daily symptom control from future attack risk, selecting inhaled and non-drug care, managing respiratory decompensation, and adapting follow-up to tobacco, biomass, tuberculosis and access realities in India.
Corneal Abrasion
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to recognizing and safely managing corneal abrasion in Indian emergency and primary-care settings, with explicit exclusion of open-globe injury, microbial keratitis and retained foreign body, careful analgesia and antimicrobial stewardship, and prompt ophthalmology escalation when healing or vision is abnormal.
Cough Assessment and Management
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused clinical framework for assessing acute and chronic cough, identifying respiratory danger, investigating tuberculosis and other important causes, and avoiding indiscriminate imaging, antibiotics and empirical polypharmacy in Indian practice.
Crohn's Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing, phenotyping and monitoring Crohn's disease, excluding infection and intestinal tuberculosis, and coordinating nutrition, medical therapy, surgery, pregnancy planning and cancer prevention in Indian care settings.
Croup
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded paediatric guide to recognising viral croup, grading upper-airway obstruction, treating without distress and escalating safely in Indian emergency settings, prepared for specialist review.
Cushing's Syndrome
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A source-grounded endocrine guide to separating exogenous from endogenous Cushing's syndrome, testing without shortcuts, localising the cause and coordinating definitive and long-term care in India, prepared for specialist review.
Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically stratified guide to Taenia solium cysticercosis, prioritising seizure care, intracranial-pressure safety and lesion-specific antiparasitic decisions in Indian practice.
De Quervain Tenosynovitis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to recognizing and managing de Quervain tenosynovitis in Indian practice, with explicit limits around injection, imaging, surgery, occupational attribution and extrapolation from international evidence.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to suspected and confirmed deep vein thrombosis in Indian practice, covering pretest probability, D-dimer and ultrasound pathways, anticoagulant and bleeding decisions, pregnancy, cancer, renal impairment, limb-threatening iliac disease and recurrence prevention.
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to recognising degenerative cervical myelopathy early, selecting MRI and specialist referral without avoidable delay, and distinguishing monitored cord compression from disease that needs surgical assessment in Indian practice.
Delirium
Brain & Mental Health · General, Preventive & Prescribing
An India-adapted clinical guide to recognising acute fluctuating inattention, finding reversible precipitants, preventing avoidable harm, and supporting recovery after delirium.
Dementia
Brain & Mental Health · General, Preventive & Prescribing
An India-adapted clinical guide to evaluating acquired cognitive and functional decline, identifying dementia subtype and reversible contributors, and planning person-centred long-term care.
Dengue Fever
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
An India-adapted clinical guide to recognising dengue across its febrile, critical and recovery phases, identifying plasma leakage and shock early, and using fluids and blood products safely.
Depression
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted clinical guide to recognising depressive illness, excluding bipolar, substance and medical mimics, assessing suicide risk, and planning treatment, follow-up and relapse prevention.
Developmental Delay: Early Recognition, Assessment and Family-Centred Care
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A practical guide to recognising developmental concerns, identifying regression and sensory or medical causes, and connecting children early to family-centred intervention.
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A clinically focused guide to developmental dysplasia of the hip, covering serial age-specific examination, selective imaging, referral, treatment, complications and the practical limits of newborn screening in India.
Deworming Programme
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused clinical and programme guide to India's National Deworming Day, explaining preventive chemotherapy, individual assessment, age and pregnancy limits, observed albendazole administration, adverse-event readiness, coverage measurement and the role of water, sanitation and hygiene.
Diabetes Insipidus
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to arginine vasopressin deficiency and resistance, safe investigation of hypotonic polyuria, controlled correction of hypernatraemia, desmopressin stewardship, pregnancy and peri-neurosurgical care.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused adult emergency guide to recognising diabetic ketoacidosis, restoring circulation, replacing potassium safely, suppressing ketogenesis with insulin, treating the precipitant and preventing recurrence in Indian practice.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy, covering diagnosis of exclusion, annual sensory and foot-risk screening, painful-neuropathy treatment, vitamin B12, renal and medicine-related mimics, ulcer prevention and India-specific access constraints without implying that every neuropathy in diabetes is diabetic.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to screening, grading and referral for diabetic retinopathy in India, integrating systemic risk reduction, retinal imaging, macular oedema and proliferative disease while keeping intravitreal, laser and surgical decisions within specialist services and stating local access limitations.
Diarrhoea in Adults: Assessment and Management
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A source-grounded guide to assessing acute and persistent diarrhoea in adults, prioritising dehydration and shock, selective microbiological testing, oral rehydration, antimicrobial restraint, outbreak control and India-specific cholera, access and resistance considerations.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to dilated cardiomyopathy covering phenotype confirmation, reversible causes, genetics and family screening, pregnancy, contemporary heart-failure therapy, devices and advanced-care referral.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising, diagnosing, and stabilising disseminated intravascular coagulation while treating its cause in Indian emergency, obstetric, oncology, and critical-care settings.
Diverticular Disease and Acute Diverticulitis
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to diverticulosis, symptomatic diverticular disease and acute diverticulitis in adults, with diagnostic, antimicrobial, drainage, surgical and recurrence decisions adapted cautiously to Indian access and referral settings.
Drug Allergy
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Immunology & Allergy
A clinically focused guide to recognising, documenting and investigating suspected drug allergy in India, including safe beta-lactam delabelling, specialist referral and national adverse-reaction reporting.
Dry Eye Disease
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to recognizing, classifying and managing dry eye disease in Indian clinical practice, with explicit diagnostic limits, ocular-surface safety checks and referral thresholds.
Dupuytren's Contracture
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to Dupuytren disease and established finger contracture, covering clinical staging, functional decisions, recurrence and procedural safeguards for Indian practice.
Dysmenorrhoea
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A clinically reasoned guide to primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea for Indian medical learners, based on current professional guidance and awaiting mandatory specialist review.
Dyspepsia in Pregnancy: Safe Assessment and Stepwise Treatment
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A safety-focused guide to recognising physiological reflux, excluding obstetric and medical emergencies, and choosing proportionate investigation and pregnancy-compatible treatment.
Dystonia
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising dystonia, separating acute drug reactions from chronic movement disorders, investigating secondary causes, and selecting rehabilitation, medicines, botulinum toxin or specialist surgery within Indian care pathways.
Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted, review-only guide to early recognition, medical stabilisation, specialist referral and compassionate care for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
Ectopic Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Stabilisation and Definitive Care
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A practical guide to recognising rupture, managing pregnancy of unknown location, and selecting safe expectant, medical or surgical care with reliable follow-up.
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing and managing atopic dermatitis across ages in India, including severity, infection, topical-treatment safety, escalation, allergy-testing limits and pregnancy considerations.
Emergency Contraception
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A source-grounded guide to time-critical emergency contraception, method selection, follow-up and India-specific service context, prepared for mandatory specialist review before publication.
Endometrial Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to abnormal-bleeding recognition, tissue diagnosis, molecularly informed staging and multidisciplinary endometrial cancer care in India, with fertility, survivorship and jurisdiction limits made explicit.
Endometriosis: Recognition, Diagnosis and Management Principles
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to recognising suspected endometriosis, structuring a safe diagnostic pathway and understanding shared, fertility-aware management decisions; it is not an individual treatment plan.
Epiglottitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused emergency guide to suspected epiglottitis in children and adults, prioritising minimal disturbance, senior airway control, monitored transfer, antimicrobial stewardship and India-specific escalation while making the limits of imaging, corticosteroids and observational evidence explicit.
Epilepsy
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to epilepsy diagnosis and long-term care in India, distinguishing provoked and non-epileptic events while covering classification, tests, individualized treatment, pregnancy, SUDEP, safety and refractory pathways.
Epistaxis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to assessing and controlling epistaxis in India, from correct compression through cautery, packing and escalation, with explicit anticoagulant, tumour, tuberculosis and access safeguards.
Erectile Dysfunction
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to erectile dysfunction assessment and treatment, integrating cardiovascular risk, sexual context, medicine safety, shared decisions and Indian access limitations across metabolic, neurological, hormonal, psychological, relationship and post-treatment causes, with nitrate-interaction, priapism, fertility, counterfeit-product and cardiovascular-emergency safeguards.
Essential Tremor
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to diagnosing essential tremor as a clinical syndrome, excluding reversible and neurodegenerative mimics, and selecting medication, botulinum toxin, deep brain stimulation or focused ultrasound within realistic Indian access constraints.
Faecal Incontinence
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to adult faecal incontinence in India, integrating subtype-based assessment, reversible causes, dignity-preserving conservative care, specialist testing and proportionate procedural referral without treating leakage as an inevitable consequence of age or childbirth.
Falls Prevention
Brain & Mental Health · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused guide to preventing recurrent falls in older adults across Indian homes, clinics, hospitals and residential care, integrating cause-finding, injury assessment, medicines, strength and balance, vision, environment, care-setting constraints and evidence limitations.
Faltering Growth in Children: Assessment and Nutritional Recovery
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A practical guide to verifying faltering growth, assessing feeding and disease, identifying acute malnutrition, and supporting safe catch-up without blame or overfeeding.
Fatty Liver Disease (Steatotic Liver Disease and MASLD)
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to steatotic liver disease in Indian practice, covering alcohol, metabolic, viral and drug differentials; stepwise fibrosis assessment; cardiometabolic treatment; limits of medicines and surgery; and timely referral for cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma risk.
Febrile Seizures in Children
Women & Children · Paediatrics
An India-adapted, evidence-mapped guide to recognising febrile seizures, excluding central nervous system infection, treating prolonged convulsions, and giving families a safe recurrence plan.
Fibromyalgia
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to positive diagnosis and person-centred management of fibromyalgia in India, with careful exclusion of dangerous mimics and explicit limits on imported prescribing guidance.
Fluorosis
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused Indian guide to dental and skeletal fluorosis, exposure assessment, safe-water intervention, rehabilitation and coordinated clinical-public-health control.
Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
An India-adapted, evidence-mapped guide to diagnosing adhesive capsulitis, excluding important shoulder and cervical mimics, and choosing proportionate staged treatment with explicit evidence limits.
Functional Dyspepsia
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to functional dyspepsia as a disorder of gut-brain interaction, covering Rome symptom patterns, cancer and ulcer exclusion, H. pylori, endoscopy, staged therapy, overlap, pregnancy and Indian access constraints.
Functional Neurological Disorder
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
An India-adapted clinical guide to positively identifying functional neurological disorder, excluding time-critical mimics, explaining the diagnosis without stigma, and coordinating safe multidisciplinary recovery.
Fungal Nail Infection (Onychomycosis)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-adapted clinical guide to confirming suspected onychomycosis, separating its mimics, selecting site- and organism-appropriate treatment, and reducing medicine-related harm and recurrence.
Fungal Skin Infection
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to dermatophyte skin infection in India, covering site-specific morphology, bedside mycology, steroid-modified tinea, treatment selection, antifungal safety, resistant disease, household prevention and limits of empirical care.
Gallbladder Cancer — Recognition, Diagnosis and Management
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to recognising gallbladder carcinoma, investigating suspected or incidental disease, and coordinating stage-appropriate specialist care in India.
Ganglion Cyst
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to recognizing and managing ganglion cysts, with careful lump assessment, proportionate imaging, recurrence counselling and referral safeguards for Indian practice.
Gastric Cancer — Recognition, Staging and Management
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to recognising, diagnosing and staging gastric adenocarcinoma and coordinating multimodal care in India, with explicit limits on foreign referral thresholds, biomarker-directed therapy and specialist prescribing.
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused adult GERD guide for India, covering alarm and cardiac mimics, empirical PPI trials, endoscopy and reflux monitoring, optimized and step-down treatment, refractory symptoms, Barrett oesophagus, pregnancy, surgery and evidence limits.
Gastroparesis
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to confirming and managing gastroparesis in India, with particular attention to diabetes, standardized four-hour gastric-emptying testing, nutrition, medication safety, device and pyloric interventions, and limitations in specialist access and evidence.
Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted clinical guide to recognising pervasive uncontrollable worry, excluding urgent mimics, and arranging stepped, evidence-based care for adults with generalised anxiety disorder.
Genital Herpes
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused Indian clinical guide to genital herpes diagnosis, antiviral choices, recurrence and suppression, pregnancy and neonatal safety, HIV, partner communication, stigma and suspected resistance.
Genital Warts
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused clinical guide to anogenital warts for Indian practice, covering respectful examination, important mimics, biopsy triggers, treatment choice, pregnancy, immunocompromise, partner communication, HPV prevention and cancer-screening boundaries.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Screening, Diagnosis and Care
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-centred guide to universal glucose testing, treatment escalation, fetal surveillance, delivery planning and lifelong metabolic follow-up after gestational diabetes.
Gilbert Syndrome
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to Gilbert syndrome for Indian practice, distinguishing benign isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia from haemolysis, liver disease and medicine effects while setting safe limits on genotyping, reassurance and referral.
Glandular Fever (Infectious Mononucleosis)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising, confirming and safely managing Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, including important mimics, airway and splenic risk, hepatitis, activity advice and the Indian care context.
Glaucoma
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused clinical guide to glaucoma classification, optic-nerve and visual-field diagnosis, pressure-targeted treatment, adherence, laser and surgery, pregnancy considerations, acute referral and equitable Indian eye care.
Glomerulonephritis
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded syndromic guide to glomerulonephritis, integrating urine and serological patterns, kidney biopsy, rapidly progressive disease, infection exclusion, immunosuppression safety and India-specific referral and treatment access.
Gonorrhoea
Women & Children · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to site-specific diagnosis, resistance-aware treatment, complication recognition and confidential partner care for gonorrhoea in Indian clinical practice.
Gout
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to crystal confirmation, septic-joint exclusion, safe flare care and treat-to-target urate lowering for gout across Indian clinical settings.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to recognising Guillain-Barré syndrome, protecting ventilation and swallowing, using cerebrospinal-fluid and nerve-conduction studies appropriately, and delivering time-critical immunotherapy and rehabilitation across Indian care settings.
Haematospermia
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
A risk-stratified guide to blood in semen, distinguishing transient benign episodes from infection, systemic bleeding, tuberculosis, structural disease and the uncommon presentation that warrants cancer evaluation.
Haematuria: Clinical Assessment and Safe Referral
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
Haematuria is a sign, not a diagnosis; visible or laboratory-detected blood in urine requires confirmation, localisation, risk-aware investigation and reliable escalation.
Haemophilia
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused clinical guide to haemophilia recognition, laboratory confirmation, bleed prevention, inhibitor care, genetic counselling, and safe referral across Indian health systems.
Haemorrhoids
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Surgery
A clinically focused clinical guide to assessing and managing symptomatic haemorrhoids while avoiding the dangerous assumption that all rectal bleeding is benign piles.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Women & Children · Paediatrics
An India-adapted guide to the clinical recognition, hydration-focused care, outbreak response and escalation of hand, foot and mouth disease, prepared as an awaiting-review educational draft.
Head and Neck Cancer — Recognition, Staging and Management
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to recognising and staging upper aerodigestive tract cancers and coordinating function-preserving multidisciplinary care in India, with explicit limits on applying foreign referral and treatment pathways.
Head Lice: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Women & Children · Paediatrics
Head lice are a common scalp infestation diagnosed by finding live lice; effective care combines correct treatment, contact assessment, product safety and avoidance of stigma.
Hearing Loss
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
An India-contextualised guide to recognizing conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, protecting time-critical presentations, selecting audiological and imaging pathways, and planning person-centred hearing rehabilitation.
Heart Failure
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused adult guide to recognising heart failure as a clinical syndrome, confirming its phenotype and cause, treating congestion and disease-modifying indications safely, and escalating acute deterioration in Indian practice.
Heat Stroke and Severe Heat-Related Illness
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused Indian emergency guide to recognising heat stroke, starting rapid cooling without diagnostic delay, managing organ injury, protecting workers and linking clinical response to local heat-action systems.
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A source-grounded clinical guide to assessing and managing heavy menstrual bleeding, with an India-specific pathway, explicit safety limits and mandatory specialist review before publication.
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis)
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded paediatric guide to IgA vasculitis recognition, renal surveillance, complication triage and Indian clinical context, prepared for mandatory review.
Hepatitis A
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused, India-facing guide to recognising acute hepatitis A, preventing secondary transmission, providing supportive care and escalating acute liver failure without delay.
Hepatitis B: Testing, Care and Prevention
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hepatitis B requires laboratory confirmation, stage-aware long-term care, prevention of transmission and dependable linkage to Indian viral-hepatitis services.
Hepatitis C: Diagnosis, Curative Treatment and Follow-up
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hepatitis C is a blood-borne infection diagnosed in two steps and usually curable with direct-acting antivirals when confirmed infection is linked to appropriate care.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to hepatocellular-carcinoma prevention, surveillance, imaging diagnosis, liver-function and tumour staging, curative and locoregional treatment, systemic therapy, transplant referral and decompensation safety, with explicit resource and jurisdiction limits.
Hirsutism
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused guide to unwanted terminal hair growth in an androgen-dependent pattern, its safe endocrine evaluation, patient-centred management and Indian practice limitations.
HIV Infection
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused adult and adolescent guide to confidential HIV testing, prompt linkage to antiretroviral care, prevention and Indian NACO service safeguards.
Hookworm Infection
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to human intestinal hookworm, integrating anaemia care, stool diagnosis, individual treatment and population deworming without conflating their evidence or jurisdiction.
Hydronephrosis
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to hydronephrosis as an imaging finding, integrating obstruction severity, infected-system emergencies, renal-function threat, pregnancy and paediatric pathways, cause-directed imaging, decompression choices and Indian access constraints.
Hypercalcaemia
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused, India-facing guide to confirming hypercalcaemia, separating urgent calcium crisis from chronic causes, and selecting monitored cause-directed treatment.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Assessment, Rehydration and Escalation
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A practical clinical guide to distinguishing severe pregnancy sickness from alternative disease, correcting dehydration safely and preventing nutritional, thrombotic and psychological harm.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused adult emergency guide to diagnosing hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, correcting water and electrolyte deficits at a controlled rate, protecting the brain and circulation, treating precipitants and planning safe transition in Indian settings.
Hyperparathyroidism
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused guide to recognising and classifying hyperparathyroidism, interpreting calcium and parathyroid hormone correctly, excluding familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, and selecting surgery or monitored medical care in Indian practice.
Hypertension
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-facing guide to accurate blood-pressure diagnosis, cardiovascular-risk reduction, monitored antihypertensive treatment and emergency triage.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Gestational Hypertension, Pre-eclampsia and Safe Referral
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; the legacy route slug is retained for continuity, while current clinical terminology is used throughout. It is not an emergency-treatment protocol or individual care plan.
Hyperthyroidism: Cause, Control and Definitive Care
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hyperthyroidism is excess thyroid hormone production that must be distinguished from destructive thyrotoxicosis before treatment, pregnancy counselling or definitive therapy.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused clinical guide to diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, assessing obstruction and sudden-death risk, supporting family screening, and planning treatment and exercise in India.
Hypokalaemia: Cause, ECG Risk and Safe Replacement
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
Hypokalaemia is serum potassium below the laboratory reference range; safe care requires confirmation, ECG risk assessment, magnesium review and cause-directed replacement.
Hyponatraemia
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A review-queue guide to hypotonic hyponatraemia that prioritises neurological severity, tonicity, mechanism and correction safety in Indian clinical practice.
Hypoparathyroidism
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to diagnosing parathyroid hormone deficiency, treating acute hypocalcaemia, individualizing calcium and active vitamin D, protecting the kidneys, managing pregnancy and appraising PTH replacement.
Hypopituitarism
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused guide to recognising and managing adult hypopituitarism in India, with explicit safeguards for adrenal insufficiency, dynamic testing, pregnancy, tumour surveillance and individualized hormone replacement.
Hypothyroidism
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused guide to primary and central hypothyroidism, accurate biochemical interpretation, levothyroxine safety, pregnancy care and Indian follow-up limits.
Impetigo
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused, India-facing guide to recognising impetigo, using proportionate antimicrobial therapy, limiting spread and escalating invasive or atypical skin disease safely.
Infantile Colic
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A safety-first guide to diagnosing infantile colic only in a thriving, otherwise well infant, supporting exhausted caregivers, protecting breastfeeding and using allergy, formula, probiotic and medicine trials only within their limited evidence.
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Women & Children · Paediatrics
An India-adapted clinical guide to the progressive vomiting syndrome of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, its physiology, ultrasound interpretation, resuscitation and definitive surgical care.
Infective Endocarditis
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused India-contextualised guide to suspected infective endocarditis, covering cultures, imaging, contemporary diagnostic criteria, antimicrobial stewardship, prophylaxis, complications and surgery while keeping patient-specific treatment within an Endocarditis Team.
Infertility
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A source-grounded guide to couple-centred infertility assessment, cause-directed management, assisted reproduction and India-specific regulation, prepared for mandatory clinical review.
Influenza
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused, India-facing guide to seasonal influenza diagnosis, risk-based antiviral stewardship, vaccination, infection prevention and escalation of severe respiratory disease.
Insomnia
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted, review-only guide to assessing persistent insomnia, excluding dangerous mimics, and arranging evidence-based care.
Insulin Therapy in Diabetes
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused practical guide to recognising when insulin is needed, initiating and titrating it safely, teaching injection and storage, preventing hypoglycaemia, and managing illness, pregnancy, renal impairment and care transitions in India.
Interstitial Lung Disease
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused adult guide to interstitial lung disease in India, integrating exposure and autoimmune assessment, HRCT pattern recognition, multidisciplinary diagnosis, phenotype-directed treatment, antifibrotics, transplantation and evidence limitations.
Intestinal Obstruction
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Surgery
A clinically focused emergency guide to recognizing and managing adult intestinal obstruction in India, centring resuscitation, CT-defined transition and cause, early detection of closed-loop strangulation or ischaemia, selective non-operative care, timely source control and safe referral across uneven surgical access.
Intrauterine Contraception
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A source-grounded clinical guide to copper and levonorgestrel intrauterine contraception, safe selection, insertion pathways and Indian programme context, prepared for specialist review.
Intussusception in Children
Women & Children · Paediatrics
An India-adapted clinical guide to recognising the changing presentation of childhood intussusception, arranging safe image-guided reduction, and escalating suspected bowel ischaemia for independent review.
Iodine Deficiency Disorders
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to preventing, detecting and managing iodine deficiency disorders in India, separating population surveillance from individual diagnosis and linking universal salt iodisation, thyroid assessment, pregnancy risk and programme implementation without presenting supplementation as a substitute for clinical evaluation.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia — Diagnosis, Cause Finding and Treatment
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused clinical guide to confirming iron deficiency, identifying why it occurred, restoring iron safely, and preventing recurrent anaemia in Indian practice.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused, India-aware guide to making a positive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, recognising when symptoms require investigation, and choosing proportionate diet, medicine and gut-brain care.
Japanese Encephalitis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to recognising, stabilising, confirming and reporting Japanese encephalitis, with vaccination, outbreak response and long-term neurological care made explicit.
Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian clinical guide to timely kala-azar diagnosis, safe antileishmanial treatment, relapse detection, HIV co-infection care, and surveillance after elimination targets are reached.
Kawasaki Disease
Women & Children · Paediatrics
An India-adapted, evidence-mapped guide to recognising Kawasaki disease early, arranging cardiac assessment, and treating coronary inflammation without implying clinical review or publication approval.
Kidney and Ureteric Stones
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to kidney and ureteric stones covering emergency recognition, rational imaging, renal-colic analgesia, infected-obstruction drainage, selective expulsive and procedural care, pregnancy, metabolic evaluation and evidence-aware recurrence prevention.
Knee Pain
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused, India-aware guide to pattern-based assessment of knee pain, early recognition of emergencies, judicious imaging, and safe management across traumatic, inflammatory and degenerative presentations.
Laryngitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation in India, emphasizing airway safety, timely laryngoscopy, voice conservation, antimicrobial stewardship and exclusion of cancer and laryngeal tuberculosis.
Leprosy (Hansen Disease)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to early leprosy diagnosis, revised NLEP multidrug therapy, reaction care, disability prevention and contact management, prepared for mandatory clinical review.
Leptospirosis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused guide to recognising, confirming and managing human leptospirosis in India, prepared for mandatory multidisciplinary clinical review.
Leukaemia: Clinical Overview
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused, India-adapted overview of acute and chronic leukaemias, emphasizing immediate stabilisation, integrated lineage and genetic diagnosis, subtype-specific therapy and limits on cross-jurisdiction guidance.
Lipid Modification for Cardiovascular Prevention
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
Lipid modification reduces atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk when it is paired with accurate risk assessment, lifestyle support, safe prescribing and a decision the person can genuinely sustain.
Long QT Syndrome
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognizing congenital and acquired long QT syndrome, measuring QT accurately, preventing torsades de pointes, and organizing specialist and family care in India.
Low Back Pain: Triage, Evidence-Based Care and Safe Referral
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A primary-care guide to separating common mechanical low back pain from neurological, infectious, malignant, fracture and inflammatory emergencies while avoiding low-value imaging and prolonged inactivity.
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to assessing and managing non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms in adult men, with storage, voiding and post-micturition classification, cancer and retention checks, mechanism-based medicine safety, procedure counselling and transparent Indian service limitations.
Lung Abscess
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused adult guide to recognising and treating lung abscess in India, with aspiration prevention, microbiological sampling, tuberculosis exclusion, antimicrobial stewardship, drainage decisions and explicit evidence limits.
Lung Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to suspected lung cancer in India, covering symptom-led diagnosis, TB-aware differential reasoning, efficient tissue and stage acquisition, biomarker-directed multidisciplinary care, oncological emergencies and jurisdiction limits.
Lymphatic Filariasis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian clinical guide to recognising lymphatic filariasis, confirming active infection, preventing disability, and connecting individual care with the national elimination programme.
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising invasive Chlamydia trachomatis infection across ulcer, bubo and proctocolitis presentations and treating it before destructive scarring occurs.
Lymphoma
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to recognising, classifying and safely referring suspected lymphoma, with tissue-first diagnosis, subtype-specific management and explicit limits on international treatment pathways.
Malaria: Diagnosis, Severity and Safe Referral
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
Malaria is a parasitic febrile illness in which prompt parasitological confirmation, species-aware interpretation, recognition of severe disease and a reliable referral plan are more important than a memorised drug schedule.
Measles
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused guide to recognising suspected measles, protecting others before confirmation, managing complications and vitamin A safely, and acting within India’s immunisation and surveillance systems, with immediate airborne precautions, prompt notification and safe transfer planning as clinical priorities.
Medication-Overuse Headache
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused, India-facing guide to recognising medication-overuse headache, withdrawing acute medicines safely, treating the underlying headache disorder and avoiding recurrence.
Melanoma
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to recognising cutaneous, acral and mucosal melanoma, obtaining an adequate diagnostic specimen, staging by Breslow thickness, and coordinating multidisciplinary treatment in India.
Meningitis: Emergency Assessment and Early Management
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A source-grounded emergency guide to suspected meningitis in India, emphasising immediate stabilisation, time-critical investigation and treatment, local antimicrobial stewardship, and a clear boundary between community-acquired bacterial disease and other central nervous system infections.
Menopause
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-focused, evidence-bound clinical guide to recognising the menopausal transition, excluding important mimics, individualising treatment and identifying patients who need urgent or specialist assessment.
Menorrhagia and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-adapted guide to evaluating menstrual blood loss that disrupts life, finding its cause, correcting anaemia and choosing management with reproductive goals and safety in view.
Migraine
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to diagnosing migraine, treating attacks safely, preventing medication overuse and recognising pregnancy or neurological emergencies.
Miscarriage
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to confirmed early miscarriage, safe choice of expectant, medical or surgical management, anti-D decisions and emergency escalation.
Mitral Valve Disease
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to mitral stenosis and regurgitation for Indian clinical learning, integrating rheumatic disease, echocardiographic assessment, medicines, prophylaxis, intervention, pregnancy and access limits without substituting for specialist valve-team decisions.
Molluscum Contagiosum
Women & Children · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A source-grounded guide to recognising molluscum contagiosum, choosing observation rather than unnecessary destructive treatment, reducing transmission and avoiding missed immunocompromise, ocular or genital disease.
Motor Neurone Disease
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to recognising and confirming motor neurone disease, excluding treatable mimics, and coordinating respiratory, nutritional, communication, genetic and palliative care within the realities of Indian practice.
Mucormycosis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to urgent recognition, tissue diagnosis, antifungal treatment, surgical source control and prevention of invasive mucormycosis across post-COVID and non-COVID settings.
Multiple Myeloma
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising, confirming and managing multiple myeloma in India, with explicit emergency, renal, skeletal, treatment and evidence-jurisdiction safeguards.
Multiple Sclerosis: Relapse, Long-Term Treatment and Safety
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to multiple sclerosis in adults, separating true relapse from infection or progression, using specialist-governed disease-modifying therapy, and planning symptom, vaccination, pregnancy and rehabilitation care in India.
Mumps: Recognition, Supportive Care and Public-Health Response
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
An India-contextualised educational guide to recognising mumps, excluding dangerous alternatives, providing clinically focused supportive care, and coordinating public-health and immunisation decisions.
Myasthenia Gravis
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing autoimmune myasthenia gravis, recognising bulbar and respiratory crisis, using antibody and neurophysiology tests, and coordinating symptomatic treatment, immunotherapy, thymus assessment and pregnancy care in India.
Myocardial Infarction: Secondary Prevention After Discharge
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A source-grounded post-myocardial-infarction guide for Indian practice, structured around discharge reconciliation, recurrent-ischaemia and bleeding risk, lipid and ventricular-function review, rehabilitation, and continuity across primary, district and PCI-capable care.
Myocarditis
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to suspected myocardial inflammation across chest-pain, arrhythmic and heart-failure presentations, including imaging, selective biopsy, activity restriction and cause-specific treatment.
Ménière’s Disease
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing Ménière’s disease from recurrent audiovestibular attacks, excluding dangerous mimics, and making cautious, safety-focused treatment decisions in Indian care settings.
Nappy Rash (Diaper Dermatitis)
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded guide to assessing, treating and preventing nappy rash in infants and young children, with Indian practice context and mandatory clinical review.
Nasal Polyps
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to recognising chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, excluding dangerous unilateral disease, and selecting topical therapy, systemic steroids, surgery or biologics in an Indian care pathway.
National Immunisation Schedule in India
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused guide to India’s public immunisation schedule, 2026 HPV addition, delayed-dose recovery and safe programme delivery, prepared for mandatory clinical review.
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: Stepwise Care and Hyperemesis Safety
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to distinguishing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy from dangerous alternatives and delivering clinically focused, stepwise hyperemesis care.
Neck Pain
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to triaging neck pain, identifying spinal, infective and vascular emergencies, and using cautious non-operative care in Indian clinical settings.
Neonatal Jaundice
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded neonatal guide to bilirubin assessment, time- and gestation-specific treatment, neurotoxicity prevention and Indian referral context, prepared for specialist review.
Nephrotic Syndrome
Digestive & Metabolic · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to recognising nephrotic syndrome, distinguishing child and adult pathways, managing complications safely and escalating diagnosis-specific treatment through nephrology services in India.
Neuropathic Pain: Assessment and Safer Medicine Trials
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to recognising neuropathic pain, treating its cause and functional impact, and using monitored, time-limited medicine trials rather than unsupervised escalation or long-term opioid substitution.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in adults, integrating gait-led recognition, MRI interpretation, structured cerebrospinal-fluid drainage testing, shunt selection, complications and realistic Indian referral pathways without treating the clinical triad or one scan sign as diagnostic.
Nutritional Deficiency Assessment
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused Indian clinical guide to assessing suspected nutritional deficiency across the life course, integrating dietary, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory evidence while separating individual diagnosis from population screening and programme surveillance.
Obesity: Assessment, Long-Term Care and Specialist Treatment
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
An India-contextualised, source-grounded guide to respectful adult obesity assessment, sustained health-focused care, and carefully governed escalation to medicines or metabolic surgery.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted guide to recognising obsessive-compulsive disorder, distinguishing intrusive thoughts from dangerous intent, and arranging evidence-based psychological and psychiatric care.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Assessment, Device Therapy and Safety
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
An India-contextualised educational guide to recognising obstructive sleep apnoea, selecting evidence-based device therapy, and managing driving, medicine and perioperative safety.
Occupational Lung Disease
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused guide to recognising, investigating and preventing work-related respiratory disease in India, with explicit exposure control, tuberculosis screening, statutory reporting and compensation context, and clear limits on diagnosis or treatment without specialist assessment.
Oesophageal Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to detecting, staging and coordinating oesophageal cancer care in India, integrating histology-specific treatment, nutrition, obstruction safety and explicit limits on foreign guideline transfer.
Oesophageal Varices
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to oesophageal-varix screening, primary and secondary prevention, acute haemorrhage, endoscopic ligation and escalation to TIPS in Indian clinical practice.
Optic Neuritis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to recognising and evaluating optic neuritis in India, distinguishing typical demyelinating disease from sight-threatening mimics, coordinating ophthalmology and neurology care, and applying corticosteroid evidence without presenting one historical trial regimen as a universal prescription.
Oral Anticoagulation
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to selecting, starting, monitoring, interrupting and reversing oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism and other validated indications.
Oral Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused guide to recognising and coordinating oral-cavity cancer care in India, covering high-risk lesions, biopsy, anatomical staging, definitive treatment, rehabilitation and the limits of applying foreign pathways locally.
Oral Thrush
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to recognising and treating oropharyngeal candidiasis in India while investigating diabetes, HIV, medicines, dentures and other causes, detecting oesophageal or malignant mimics, and preventing unsafe antifungal or corticosteroid use.
Orbital Cellulitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused emergency guide to recognizing orbital cellulitis in Indian adults and children, distinguishing postseptal infection from preseptal swelling, protecting vision and life through repeated ocular assessment, urgent imaging and coordinated ophthalmology, ENT, paediatric or medical, radiology, microbiology and surgical care.
Organophosphorus Poisoning
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused Indian guide to recognising and stabilising acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, with titrated antidotes, safe decontamination and planned respiratory surveillance.
Osteoarthritis: Function-First Care, Analgesic Safety and Referral
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
An India-contextualised educational guide to clinical osteoarthritis assessment, function-first management, NSAID and injection safety, and timely joint-replacement referral.
Osteomalacia
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to adult osteomalacia assessment and cause-directed management in India, distinguishing defective mineralisation from osteoporosis and uncomplicated vitamin D deficiency while making treatment and monitoring limits explicit.
Osteomyelitis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to diagnosing and managing acute, chronic, haematogenous, contiguous and diabetes-related osteomyelitis in India, with explicit source-control and antimicrobial-stewardship safeguards.
Osteoporosis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to fragility-fracture risk, investigation, prevention and supervised osteoporosis treatment, with explicit limits around drug sequencing, monitoring, pregnancy and local access.
Otitis Externa
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to distinguishing diffuse otitis externa from other otorrhoea and otalgia, delivering safe topical care, and escalating suspected invasive disease without routine oral-antibiotic overuse.
Ovarian Cancer — Recognition and Referral
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A clinically focused guide to recognising suspected ovarian malignancy, arranging proportionate investigation and referral, and understanding specialist staging and treatment in India without treating a biomarker or foreign threshold as a universal national protocol.
Ovarian Cysts: Evaluation, Risk Stratification and Management
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A source-grounded clinical guide to assessing ovarian cysts across reproductive life, recognising emergencies and cancer risk, and choosing proportionate follow-up or referral.
Paget Disease of Bone
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to recognising, staging and managing adult Paget disease of bone in India, with explicit treatment controversies, bisphosphonate safeguards and escalation for fracture, neurological compromise or malignant transformation.
Palliative Care Symptom Management
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused Indian guide to multidimensional symptom assessment, proportionate prescribing, opioid stewardship and escalation across serious illness and the last days of life.
Palpitations
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to palpitations that separates symptom assessment from rhythm diagnosis, identifies emergencies early and directs treatment at the documented cause rather than an empirical medicine bundle.
Pancreatic Cancer — Recognition, Diagnosis and Management
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to recognising pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, establishing tissue and stage, and coordinating specialist multimodal and supportive care in India without treating foreign pathways as Indian policy.
Panic Disorder
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted guide to assessing recurrent unexpected panic attacks, excluding acute medical causes, and arranging evidence-based psychological or prescribing care safely.
Parkinson's Disease
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused Indian clinical guide to Parkinson's disease assessment, multidisciplinary care and safe supervised medication management, with explicit safeguards against abrupt dopaminergic change and missed doses.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Recognition, Syndromic Care and Referral
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to recognising possible pelvic inflammatory disease, excluding urgent alternatives, applying current syndromic-care principles and arranging appropriate review; it is not a substitute for individual clinical assessment or local antimicrobial policy.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused Indian guide to peptic ulcer diagnosis, Helicobacter pylori stewardship, NSAID and antiplatelet risk reduction, and urgent recognition of bleeding or perforation.
Pericarditis
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-adapted clinical guide to recognizing, triaging and managing acute, recurrent, tuberculous and complicated pericardial inflammation while protecting patients from tamponade and inappropriate empirical treatment.
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease, combining cardiovascular prevention, walking-function care, limb-threat recognition and appropriate revascularisation without conflating antiplatelet and anticoagulant decisions.
Peritonitis
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused emergency guide to peritonitis in Indian practice, separating secondary intra-abdominal contamination from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, with urgent resuscitation, CT and paracentesis pathways, source control, antimicrobial stewardship, albumin use and referral limits.
Peritonsillar Abscess
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to peritonsillar abscess or quinsy, covering airway triage, clinical diagnosis, selective imaging, safe specialist drainage, antimicrobial and steroid evidence, monitored transfer and practical Indian referral constraints without turning institutional regimens into universal prescriptions.
Personality Disorders
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted guide to recognising enduring maladaptive personality patterns, assessing risk and comorbidity, communicating without stigma and arranging appropriate longitudinal mental-health care.
Pheochromocytoma
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma recognition, biochemical confirmation, genetic and anatomical assessment, crisis care, alpha-first preparation, surgery and lifelong risk-based surveillance.
Phimosis and Paraphimosis
Women & Children · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide distinguishing normal foreskin development from pathological phimosis and emergency paraphimosis, with safe examination, topical-steroid and surgical pathways, perfusion protection, Indian access and cultural context, safeguarding, and explicit evidence limitations.
Pityriasis Versicolor
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to pityriasis versicolor that prioritises clinical diagnosis, appropriately limited antifungal treatment, recurrence counselling and safety boundaries for systemic therapy.
Placenta Praevia: Diagnosis, Bleeding Risk and Delivery Planning
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A source-grounded guide to low-lying placenta, placenta praevia, haemorrhage assessment, accreta risk and planned birth in appropriately resourced care.
Plantar Fasciitis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused, India-contextualised guide to recognising typical plantar heel pain, excluding important alternatives, and using supervised conservative care before invasive options with proportionate scheduled clinical follow-up.
Pleural Effusion
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused adult guide to pleural effusion in India, integrating cause-first assessment, thoracic ultrasound, safe fluid sampling and drainage, tuberculosis and malignancy pathways, pleural-infection emergencies, referral decisions and important evidence limitations.
Pneumothorax
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused adult guide to spontaneous, secondary, traumatic, iatrogenic and tension pneumothorax in India, covering clinical diagnosis, imaging, immediate decompression, safe drainage, recurrence prevention, transfer pathways and major evidence uncertainties.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Lifelong, Metabolic and Fertility Care
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to polycystic ovary syndrome that supports shared decisions and safe referral; it is not an individual diagnosis, prescription or fertility-treatment plan.
Polycythaemia and Erythrocytosis
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to confirming erythrocytosis, separating relative and secondary causes from polycythaemia vera, preventing thrombosis, and recognising urgent complications.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising polymyalgia rheumatica, excluding dangerous mimics, detecting associated giant cell arteritis, and planning safe India-contextualised care.
Portal Hypertension
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognizing, staging and managing portal hypertension, with practical Indian pathways for cirrhosis, non-cirrhotic disease, acute bleeding, TIPS and transplantation.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted, review-only guide to trauma-informed recognition, safety assessment, referral and evidence-based care for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Postnatal Depression
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised, source-grounded guide to recognising postnatal depression, assessing safety, supporting mother and infant, and arranging timely multidisciplinary care.
Postpartum Haemorrhage: Recognition, Resuscitation and Definitive Care
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to postpartum haemorrhage recognition and emergency escalation; it is not a substitute for a team-based obstetric haemorrhage protocol or a patient-specific treatment order.
Pre-eclampsia: Prevention, Recognition, Stabilisation and Birth Planning
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised, clinician-facing educational guide to pre-eclampsia; urgent treatment, transfer and delivery decisions must follow the current local obstetric emergency protocol and senior supervision.
Premenstrual Syndrome: Cyclical Assessment, PMDD and Safe Management
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, based on prospective symptom patterns and safe referral; it is not an individual diagnosis or medicine regimen.
Pressure Ulcers
Surgery, MSK & Urology · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to pressure-ulcer prevention and assessment in Indian clinical settings, covering skin-tone-aware recognition, staging terminology, offloading, support surfaces, wound care, infection escalation, device injury and resource limitations.
Preterm Labour: Diagnosis, Fetal Protection and Safe Transfer
Women & Children · Women’s Health
A practical guide to suspected labour before 37 weeks, membrane assessment, time-critical fetal protection and birth in a facility matched to gestational need.
Primary Aldosteronism
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to primary aldosteronism screening, potassium-safe biochemical interpretation, medication interference, adrenal imaging and venous sampling, subtype-directed surgery, mineralocorticoid-receptor blockade and pregnancy planning.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to primary biliary cholangitis in India, covering cholestatic diagnosis, AMA-negative disease, AIH features, UDCA response, evolving second-line treatment, pregnancy, symptom control and transplantation.
Progestogen-Only Contraception: Method Choice, Eligibility and Safe Follow-up
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-contextualised educational guide to progestogen-only contraceptive methods, individual eligibility and safety-netting; it is not a personal prescription, device-insertion instruction or substitute for current local policy.
Prostate Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to risk-aware prostate cancer assessment, MRI-informed biopsy, staging and shared multidisciplinary treatment, with explicit limits on PSA, foreign guidance and resource-dependent pathways.
Psoriasis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused Indian clinical guide to recognising psoriasis, using topical treatment safely and escalating through dermatology-led phototherapy or systemic care without importing an unsupervised regimen.
Psychosis: Recognition, Assessment and Initial Care
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
A syndrome-focused India-adapted guide to recognising psychosis, excluding urgent medical and substance causes, assessing risk, and arranging early specialist treatment.
Pulmonary Embolism
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused guide to probability-led diagnosis, urgent imaging and anticoagulation decisions for suspected or confirmed pulmonary embolism in India, with high-risk presentations kept under specialist emergency care.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
An India-focused guide to diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, assessing infectiousness, notifying disease, delivering programme-aligned treatment, and protecting contacts. It is written for supervised learning and keeps microbiological confirmation, resistance testing, infection prevention, HIV and pregnancy review, adverse-effect surveillance, nutrition, stigma-sensitive communication and programme referral together.
Rabies Exposure and Human Rabies
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to rabies exposure assessment, post-exposure prophylaxis and recognition of clinical rabies, prepared for mandatory review.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
An India-contextualised, source-traceable guide to recognising Raynaud's phenomenon, distinguishing primary from secondary disease, and escalating threatened digital perfusion; it supports supervised clinical learning rather than self-treatment.
Reactive Arthritis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused clinical guide to diagnosing reactive arthritis after gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection, excluding septic arthritis, treating active infection, and planning safe India-contextualised follow-up.
Renal Colic
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
An India-contextualised, source-traceable guide to evaluating suspected ureteric-stone pain, treating it safely and recognising infected obstruction; it supports supervised clinical learning rather than self-management.
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A source-grounded guide to classifying and confirming renal tubular acidosis, treating alkali and potassium deficits, preventing stone and bone complications, finding secondary causes and navigating paediatric, genetic and Indian referral constraints.
Retinal Detachment
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising and referring retinal detachment in India, distinguishing rhegmatogenous, tractional and exudative mechanisms while reserving retinal procedures and postoperative decisions for an equipped vitreoretinal service.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to rheumatic heart disease spanning diagnosis, secondary antibiotic prophylaxis, valve and heart-failure care, pregnancy, intervention and realistic public-sector access.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising inflammatory polyarthritis early, confirming a clinical diagnosis, starting disease-modifying care safely and coordinating specialist follow-up.
Rickets in Children
Women & Children · Paediatrics
A source-grounded guide to recognising, classifying and managing paediatric rickets, centred on Indian guidance, biochemical safety and mandatory review, including emergency hypocalcaemia, nutritional and inherited causes, growth-plate imaging, calcium and vitamin D treatment, toxicity prevention, non-response analysis, orthopaedic timing, realistic sunlight advice, NMC mapping and transparent limits on Indian prevalence and service access.
Rosacea
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-adapted, source-grounded guide to recognising rosacea, excluding dangerous mimics and choosing measured skin care, treatment and referral rather than indiscriminate topical therapy. It is for supervised education and does not replace clinical examination or current local protocols.
Rotator Cuff Injury
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
Rotator-cuff injury is a tendon-and-function syndrome: mechanism, active versus passive movement, objective strength and targeted imaging distinguish acute traumatic failure from degenerative pain and guide rehabilitation or referral.
Rubella
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
An India-adapted, source-grounded guide to recognising rubella, protecting pregnancy and preventing congenital rubella syndrome through vaccination, testing and timely public-health referral. It is written for supervised learning and does not replace local protocols or specialist advice.
Salivary Gland Disorders
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically structured guide to obstructive, infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic salivary disease, with safe imaging, pathology, prescribing, procedure and referral decisions for Indian practice.
Sarcoidosis
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to suspected sarcoidosis that prioritises exclusion of tuberculosis and other granulomatous disease, organ-risk assessment, multidisciplinary diagnosis and safe follow-up.
Scabies
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-contextualised, source-traceable guide to recognising, treating and containing scabies safely across households, institutions and vulnerable groups.
Schizophrenia
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted clinical guide to recognising schizophrenia-spectrum illness, excluding urgent medical causes, supporting recovery and arranging safe specialist care.
Scrotal Pain and Swelling
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
An India-contextualised, source-traceable guide to triaging acute scrotal pain and swelling, excluding torsion and managing referral and antimicrobial boundaries safely.
Scrub Typhus
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to early recognition, time-sensitive diagnosis and antimicrobial management of scrub typhus, with explicit test, resistance and surveillance limitations.
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-adapted, source-grounded guide to recognising seborrhoeic dermatitis, judging scalp and skin severity, using antifungal and anti-inflammatory treatment safely, and recognising infant, immunosuppression and referral concerns.
Self-Harm
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
A safety-first, India-contextualised guide to compassionate assessment after self-harm, emergency medical care, suicide-risk formulation and continuity of support.
Sensory Neuropathy
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
An India-adapted, cause-first guide to recognising sensory neuropathy, testing selectively for diabetes and vitamin B12 deficiency, reviewing toxins and medicines, reducing falls and foot injury, and escalating urgent neurological presentations.
Sepsis
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused guide to recognising and managing sepsis in Indian practice, including cultures, lactate, antimicrobials, fluids, vasopressors, source control, organ support and boundaries for pregnancy and children.
Septic Arthritis
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to urgent recognition, aspiration, drainage and antimicrobial stewardship for suspected septic arthritis in India, including native-joint, paediatric and tuberculosis differentials.
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused clinical guide to shingles in Indian practice, covering early antivirals, pain, ocular and otic disease, dissemination, immune compromise, pregnancy, referral and vaccination.
Shoulder Pain
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
Shoulder pain is a syndrome, not a rotator-cuff diagnosis. Triage referred causes, examine patterns and image selectively.
Sickle Cell Disease
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused clinical guide to diagnosing sickle cell disease, preventing organ injury, treating acute complications, and delivering equitable longitudinal care in India.
Silicosis
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
A clinically focused clinical guide to preventing, recognising and managing silicosis in India, including exposure control, tuberculosis assessment, statutory reporting, compensation pathways and the limits of available treatment.
Sinusitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
An India-adapted, clinically focused guide to viral and bacterial rhinosinusitis, symptom treatment, antibiotic stewardship, complications and safe care across ages and pregnancy.
Smoking and Tobacco Cessation
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
A source-grounded, India-contextualised guide to helping adults stop smoked and smokeless tobacco through respectful behavioural care, shared pharmacotherapy choices, safety screening, pregnancy-aware counselling, follow-up and realistic access to national quitline services; this educational draft is awaiting clinical review and is not a personal prescription.
Snake-bite Envenoming
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A high-risk, India-contextualised guide to snake-bite first aid, rapid transport, syndrome recognition, investigations, antivenom decisions and respiratory, coagulation and renal support; it is an educational draft for supervised care, does not identify a snake from a photograph and must not replace local emergency and antivenom protocols.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted guide to recognising fear of scrutiny and avoidance, distinguishing social anxiety from important alternatives, and arranging age-appropriate evidence-based treatment.
Specific Phobias
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
An India-adapted clinical guide to identifying specific phobias, excluding dangerous mimics, and planning safe exposure-based psychological care without medicalising ordinary fear.
Stable Angina
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to excluding acute coronary syndrome, estimating obstructive coronary disease likelihood, selecting cardiac imaging, controlling angina and preventing events in Indian practice.
Status Epilepticus
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A time-critical, clinically focused guide to recognising convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus, delivering staged emergency treatment, investigating causes, using EEG, and adapting refractory and pregnancy care to Indian emergency and intensive-care settings.
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
A clinically focused guide to recognising stroke, separating ischaemic from haemorrhagic pathways, and organising time-critical imaging, reperfusion, complication prevention and rehabilitation in Indian practice.
Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
An India-contextualised guide to urgent assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack, including reperfusion pathways, recurrence prevention, and coordinated post-stroke care. It is written for supervised learning, with attention to tissue-based definitions, swallowing safety, mechanism-led antithrombotics, referral capability, rehabilitation, caregiver communication, affordability and equitable follow-up in Indian services.
Strongyloidiasis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused clinical guide to recognising, diagnosing and treating Strongyloides stercoralis infection, with particular emphasis on preventing fatal hyperinfection during immunosuppression.
Stye and Chalazion
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to distinguishing hordeolum from chalazion, delivering safe conservative eyelid care, recognising cellulitis and ocular emergencies, and referring persistent or recurrent lesions without converting UK patient guidance into an Indian prescribing protocol.
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused emergency guide to suspected and confirmed spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage, from thunderclap work-up through aneurysm securing, nimodipine, delayed cerebral ischaemia and hydrocephalus, written for Indian referral realities and quarantined pending organizational clinical review.
Subdural Haematoma
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide separating acute traumatic from subacute and chronic subdural haematoma, with CT interpretation, neurosurgical escalation, anticoagulant reversal, operative options and appropriately limited discussion of middle meningeal artery embolisation in the Indian care context.
Substance Misuse and Substance Use Disorders
Brain & Mental Health · Mental Health
A practical India-adapted guide to identifying harmful drug use, managing immediate risk, and linking people to evidence-based treatment without stigma or unsafe detoxification.
Superficial Vein Thrombosis
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to recognising, imaging and treating superficial-vein thrombosis in Indian practice, including ultrasound anatomy, DVT and PE risk, analgesia, anticoagulant selection, pregnancy, cancer and referral.
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to recognising and managing adult supraventricular tachycardia in India, separating rhythm diagnosis from haemodynamic stability, acute cardioversion from drug treatment, and recurrent-symptom control from electrophysiology and ablation decisions.
Syphilis
Women & Children · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused guide to syphilis staging, test interpretation, penicillin regimens, pregnancy, neurosyphilis, partner services, follow-up and NACO-linked care in India.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to recognising, investigating and managing systemic lupus erythematosus in India, with explicit safeguards for nephritis, pregnancy, infection, thrombosis and immunosuppressive treatment.
Temporomandibular Disorders
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A practical, evidence-bound guide to recognising painful temporomandibular disorders, excluding dental and head-and-neck threats, and using reversible, function-centred care in India.
Tennis Elbow (Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy)
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to assessing lateral elbow pain, identifying features that need another pathway, and using progressive rehabilitation with India-specific safety and access limits.
Tension-Type Headache
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to recognising tension-type headache, excluding dangerous secondary causes, using conservative and limited analgesic care, and applying Indian supervision and access safeguards.
Testicular Torsion
Women & Children · Renal Medicine & Urology
An emergency-focused, clinically focused guide to recognising and managing testicular torsion across Indian care settings, prioritising immediate surgical access, non-delaying use of Doppler ultrasound, realistic salvage counselling, safeguarding, and follow-up after testicular ischaemia.
Tetanus
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
A clinically focused Indian guide to tetanus recognition, emergency treatment, wound prophylaxis and life-course vaccination, prepared for mandatory clinical review.
Thalassaemia
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused clinical guide to thalassaemia diagnosis, phenotype classification, transfusion and iron-overload care, genetic counselling, and safe referral within Indian health systems.
Thrombocytopenia
Cancer & Blood · Haematology
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to confirming a low platelet count, recognising life-threatening syndromes, identifying the mechanism, and using cause-specific treatment and transfusion safely.
Thyroid Cancer
Cancer & Blood · Oncology
A clinically focused, India-adapted guide to thyroid-cancer recognition, ultrasound-led nodule assessment, cytological and histological classification, risk-stratified surgery, radioactive iodine, endocrine follow-up and urgent airway safety, with explicit limits on foreign protocols and resource-dependent care.
Tinea Infections
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
A clinically focused guide to recognising and treating dermatophyte infections by site and extent, avoiding steroid-modified disease, and adapting safe prescribing and referral decisions to Indian practice. It separates clinical, mycological and cosmetic outcomes, highlights resistance, reservoirs, follow-up, pregnancy, hepatic risk, interactions and access, and is intended for supervised education rather than patient-specific prescribing. It supports safe counselling and practical follow-up.
Tinnitus
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
An evidence-led, India-contextualised approach to classifying tinnitus, identifying hearing and neurological emergencies, selecting audiology and imaging, and reducing distress through realistic rehabilitation.
Tonsillitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
Guide to assessing acute tonsillitis, separating viral illness from group A streptococcal disease, using tests and antibiotics selectively, and recognising quinsy, airway compromise and sepsis in Indian care. It prioritises airway-first triage, hydration, analgesia, allergy safety, stewardship and return instructions over reflex treatment, while distinguishing recurrent symptoms from episodes. It is teaching, not a substitute for exam or emergency care, and supports clinical safety netting.
Transient Ischaemic Attack
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
A clinically focused guide to treating transient focal neurological symptoms as an emergency, distinguishing TIA from minor stroke and common mimics, obtaining urgent brain and vascular imaging, and matching antithrombotic or carotid treatment to the responsible mechanism in India.
Trichomoniasis
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising, testing and treating Trichomonas vaginalis infection while preventing reinfection and avoiding syndromic overdiagnosis.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Brain & Mental Health · Renal Medicine & Urology
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising trigeminal neuralgia, excluding secondary causes, using medicines safely and referring for specialist procedures. It is educational and not a prescription. It emphasises examination, MRI decisions, interaction checks, pregnancy counselling, serious-rash safety-netting and specialist shared decisions for each individual patient, with explicit emergency escalation advice at every review.
Trigger Finger
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Musculoskeletal & Rheumatology
A clinically focused guide to adult trigger finger and trigger thumb in Indian practice, covering clinical grading, mimics, splinting, injection, release procedures, diabetes considerations and explicit jurisdictional limits.
Tropical Sprue
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A clinically focused guide to the exclusion diagnosis of tropical sprue in India, integrating malabsorption, intestinal biopsy, antimicrobial therapy, nutritional repair and important mimics.
Tuberculosis
Heart & Lungs · Respiratory Medicine
An India-contextualised, NTEP-aligned educational review draft covering tuberculosis recognition, testing, notification, molecular resistance pathways, HIV, pregnancy, monitoring, contacts, infection control and public-health referral, with continuity across providers and districts and clear safety-netting for patients and families; drug regimens are stated only at programme level through NTEP/PMDT services and this draft never replaces the current national technical guideline.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising type 1 diabetes, prescribing insulin safely, using glucose technology, preventing hypoglycaemia and DKA, and planning lifelong complication and pregnancy care.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Digestive & Metabolic · Endocrinology & Metabolism
A clinically focused guide to confirming and classifying type 2 diabetes, assessing cardiovascular, kidney and microvascular risk, individualising lifestyle, weight, medicines and targets, and delivering sustainable care in India.
Typhoid Fever
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to suspected typhoid fever: obtaining cultures, assessing severity, selecting antimicrobials from current resistance data, preventing complications and managing public-health follow-up.
Ulcerative Colitis
Digestive & Metabolic · Gastroenterology & Hepatology
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising ulcerative colitis, excluding infection, staging activity, sequencing therapy safely and coordinating long-term bowel, cancer, vaccine and pregnancy care.
Undescended Testes
Women & Children · Paediatrics
An India-contextualised guide to newborn examination, distinguishing retractile and ascending testes from true cryptorchidism or DSD, arranging timely referral and protecting fertility, cancer surveillance and family understanding.
Urinary Incontinence in Women
Women & Children · Renal Medicine & Urology
A source-grounded guide to classifying, assessing and managing urinary incontinence in adult women, with pelvic-floor, medicine and procedural safety in Indian practice, including stress, urgency, mixed, overflow, continuous and functional leakage, bladder diaries, selective testing, neurological and fistula red flags, shared decisions and explicit limits on transferring international guidance into locally variable services.
Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Women & Children · Paediatrics
Paediatric urinary tract infection requires age-specific assessment, a reliable urine sample and prompt recognition of upper-tract infection, sepsis, obstruction and future renal risk.
Urinary Tract Infection in Men
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
Urinary tract infection in men merits culture-aware, cause-seeking assessment because bladder symptoms may coexist with prostatic involvement, obstruction, stones, catheter exposure, sexually transmitted infection or systemic disease.
Urinary Tract Infection in Women
Women & Children · Renal Medicine & Urology
An India-contextualised, culture-conscious guide to cystitis and pyelonephritis in women, including pregnancy, recurrence, menopause, antimicrobial resistance, STI mimics, sepsis recognition and referral limits.
Urticaria
Acute & Emergency · Emergency Medicine
An India-contextualised guide to acute, chronic and inducible urticaria, distinguishing anaphylaxis and bradykinin angioedema, escalating antihistamines safely, and setting specialist limits for steroids and biologics.
Uterine Fibroids
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-focused, clinically focused guide to diagnosing and classifying uterine fibroids, treating bleeding and bulk symptoms, protecting fertility and recognising presentations that require urgent or specialist care.
Uveitis
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
A clinically focused guide to anatomical classification, urgent assessment and cause-directed management of uveitis in India, with explicit infection and ocular-tuberculosis safeguards and specialist ownership of corticosteroid or immunomodulatory treatment.
Vaginal Discharge
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-focused, evidence-bound approach to distinguishing physiological vaginal discharge from vaginitis, cervicitis and serious pelvic disease, with diagnostic, syndromic and treatment safety guidance.
Varicocele
Surgery, MSK & Urology · Renal Medicine & Urology
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to varicocele assessment, fertility counselling, adolescent follow-up, ultrasound indications and supervised repair or embolisation decisions.
Varicose Veins
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to chronic venous disease, duplex assessment, compression boundaries, referral, intervention choices, pregnancy and ulcer safety-netting.
Ventricular Tachycardia
Heart & Lungs · Cardiology & Vascular
A clinically focused guide to adult ventricular tachycardia in India, integrating broad-complex rhythm diagnosis, haemodynamic stability, immediate shock and drug pathways, reversible causes, structural and inherited disease, ablation, implantable devices and evidence limitations.
Vertigo: Assessment and Management
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
An India-adapted, clinically focused approach to vertigo that separates central emergencies from peripheral patterns and links diagnosis with safe, time-limited treatment and rehabilitation.
Vestibular Neuritis: Assessment and Management
Prevention & Prescribing · ENT & Ophthalmology
An India-adapted guide to acute vestibular neuritis that prioritises stroke exclusion, hearing assessment, brief symptom relief, early vestibular rehabilitation and appropriate specialist referral.
Vitamin D Deficiency
Prevention & Prescribing · General, Preventive & Prescribing
An India-adapted, clinically focused guide to recognising vitamin D deficiency, confirming clinically meaningful disease, replacing safely and avoiding toxicity, with explicit calcium, renal, granulomatous disease, pregnancy and paediatric safeguards.
Vitiligo
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-adapted, clinically focused guide to diagnosing vitiligo, screening selectively for associated autoimmunity, choosing site- and age-appropriate treatment, and referring safely for phototherapy, systemic therapy or surgery while addressing psychosocial harm.
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Women & Children · Women’s Health
An India-focused, source-grounded guide to confirming vulvovaginal candidiasis, separating uncomplicated from complicated disease and prescribing safely in pregnancy, recurrence and non-albicans infection.
Warts (Verrucae)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Dermatology & Sexual Health
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising common warts and verrucae, choosing observation or treatment, protecting sensitive sites and avoiding caustic or unproven home remedies.
Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
Infection, Skin & Immunity · Infectious Diseases
An India-contextualised, clinically focused guide to recognising pertussis, testing and notifying safely, limiting transmission, treating early, protecting contacts and identifying infant and pregnancy emergencies.
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