NEET PG Rapid Revision
Obstetrics and Gynaecology One-Liners for NEET PG: Rapid Revision
High-yield obstetrics and gynaecology one-liners for NEET PG covering antenatal care, labour, high-risk pregnancy, gynaecological tumours and infertility.
MedNext Academy | 6 min read
Obstetrics and Gynaecology One-Liners for NEET PG: Rapid Revision
High-yield obstetrics and gynaecology one-liners for NEET PG covering antenatal care, labour, high-risk pregnancy, gynaecological tumours and infertility.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology: rapid revision one-liners for NEET PG
Obstetrics and Gynaecology is a major clinical subject in NEET PG, covering antenatal care, normal and abnormal labour, high-risk pregnancy, contraception, gynaecological tumours, menstrual disorders and infertility. Questions are clinically oriented and test management decisions.
These one-liners focus on the most testable facts, diagnostic criteria and management protocols. Obstetrics and gynaecology rewards knowledge of cut-off values, drug of choice and timing of interventions.
Must-know one-liners
- The most common cause of maternal mortality in India is haemorrhage (post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause)
- Ectopic pregnancy: most common site is the ampulla of the fallopian tube; beta-hCG + transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosis
- Ruptured ectopic pregnancy presents with acute abdomen, amenorrhoea and hypovolaemic shock; culdocentesis shows non-clotting blood
- Complete hydatidiform mole: 46,XX (all paternal); snowstorm appearance on ultrasound; markedly elevated beta-hCG; risk of choriocarcinoma
- Partial mole: triploid (69,XXY); has fetal parts; lower malignant potential than complete mole
- Pre-eclampsia: hypertension (>= 140/90 mmHg) after 20 weeks with proteinuria or end-organ damage; drug of choice for seizure prophylaxis is magnesium sulphate
- Eclampsia: pre-eclampsia with generalised tonic-clonic seizures; magnesium sulphate is both prophylactic and therapeutic
- Magnesium sulphate toxicity: first sign is loss of deep tendon reflexes; antidote is calcium gluconate
- HELLP syndrome: Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets; a severe complication of pre-eclampsia
- Placenta praevia: painless bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester; diagnosis by transvaginal ultrasound; NEVER do per vaginal examination
- Abruptio placentae: painful dark vaginal bleeding with a tense, tender uterus; associated with hypertension; concealed haemorrhage is more dangerous
- Rh isoimmunisation: anti-D immunoglobulin given at 28 weeks and within 72 hours of delivery/abortion in Rh-negative mothers with Rh-positive fetus
- Gestational diabetes: screening between 24-28 weeks; 75 g OGTT (IADPSG/WHO criteria) or GCT followed by GTT
- Bishop score assesses cervical favourability for induction of labour; score >= 6 indicates a favourable cervix
- Oxytocin is the drug of choice for induction and augmentation of labour; administered by IV infusion with titration
- Active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL): oxytocin injection, controlled cord traction and uterine massage to prevent PPH
- Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) is blood loss > 500 mL after vaginal delivery or > 1000 mL after caesarean section
- The 4 Ts of PPH: Tone (atony -- most common), Tissue (retained placenta), Trauma (genital tract tears), Thrombin (coagulopathy)
- Uterine atony is the most common cause of PPH; treated with uterine massage, oxytocin, ergometrine, carboprost (PGF2-alpha), misoprostol
- Partograph: action line is 4 hours to the right of the alert line; if cervical dilatation crosses the action line, intervention is needed
- Normal labour: first stage (cervical dilatation) is the longest; active phase dilatation rate >= 1 cm/hour
- Shoulder dystocia: McRoberts manoeuvre (hyperflexion of maternal thighs) is the first-line management
- Cord prolapse: knee-chest position and manual elevation of the presenting part; emergency caesarean section
- Breech presentation: ECV (external cephalic version) at 36-37 weeks; elective caesarean section if ECV fails or contraindicated
- Fibroid (leiomyoma): most common benign tumour of the uterus; submucosal fibroids cause menorrhagia and infertility
- Red degeneration of fibroid occurs during pregnancy; presents with acute pain and fever
- Wertheim hysterectomy (radical hysterectomy) is the standard surgical treatment for stage IB-IIA cervical cancer
- Pap smear (cervical cytology) is the screening test for cervical cancer; HPV DNA testing has higher sensitivity
- HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers
- Cervical cancer: most common type is squamous cell carcinoma; treatment of stage IIB and above is chemoradiation
- Endometrial cancer: most common gynaecological malignancy in developed countries; presents with post-menopausal bleeding; endometrial biopsy for diagnosis
- Endometrial cancer risk factors: unopposed oestrogen, obesity, diabetes, tamoxifen, nulliparity, PCOS, Lynch syndrome
- Ovarian cancer: most lethal gynaecological malignancy; CA-125 is the tumour marker; usually presents late (stage III/IV)
- Krukenberg tumour is a bilateral ovarian metastasis with signet-ring cells, usually from gastric carcinoma
- Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma) is the most common ovarian tumour in young women; contains teeth, hair, sebum
- Endometriosis: presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; chocolate cyst of the ovary; powder-burn lesions on laparoscopy
- Gold standard investigation for endometriosis is laparoscopy
- PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome): oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (Rotterdam criteria -- 2 of 3)
- Metformin and lifestyle modification are the first-line treatment for PCOS; clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction
- Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that induces ovulation by blocking oestrogen negative feedback at the hypothalamus
- Combined oral contraceptive pill: contains oestrogen + progestogen; contraindicated in smokers over 35, migraine with aura, and history of VTE
- Copper T IUCD (Cu-T 380A) is effective for up to 10 years; it is also the most effective emergency contraceptive (within 5 days)
- Emergency contraception: levonorgestrel (within 72 hours), ulipristal acetate (within 120 hours) or Cu-IUCD (within 120 hours)
- MTP Act in India: termination up to 20 weeks by one registered medical practitioner; up to 24 weeks for special categories (as per 2021 amendment) by two RMPs
- Vesicular mole followup: serial beta-hCG levels; reliable contraception for at least 1 year; pregnancy is contraindicated during followup
- Choriocarcinoma: highly malignant trophoblastic tumour; extremely sensitive to chemotherapy (methotrexate); lungs are the most common site of metastasis
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21) screening: first trimester combined test (NT + free beta-hCG + PAPP-A) at 11-13+6 weeks
- Amniocentesis is done at 15-20 weeks for karyotyping; chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is done at 10-13 weeks (earlier diagnosis)
- Oligohydramnios (AFI < 5 cm): associated with renal agenesis (Potter sequence), IUGR and post-term pregnancy
- Polyhydramnios (AFI > 25 cm): associated with oesophageal atresia, anencephaly, gestational diabetes and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
How to use these one-liners
Divide your revision into obstetrics and gynaecology. Within obstetrics, group one-liners by trimester and labour stage. Within gynaecology, group by pathology type (tumours, menstrual disorders, infertility).
Pay special attention to management protocols -- NEET PG frequently asks what to do next in a clinical scenario. Knowing the drug of choice, the timing of interventions and the contraindications is more important than detailed pathophysiology.
Key mnemonics
The 4 Ts of PPH: Tone (atony), Tissue (retained), Trauma (tears), Thrombin (coagulopathy) -- Tone is by far the most common.
Bishop score components: Position, Consistency, Effacement, Dilatation, Station (of the cervix) -- each scored 0-2 or 0-3.
HELLP: Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets.
Revision schedule
Obstetrics and gynaecology should be revised on a 3-day cycle. Alternate between obstetrics topics and gynaecology topics each session. Focus extra time on high-risk pregnancy (pre-eclampsia, GDM, antepartum haemorrhage), gynaecological oncology (cervical, endometrial, ovarian cancer) and contraception. In the last week, do a complete run-through every 2 days.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many ObGyn questions appear in NEET PG?
Typically 20-25 questions. High-risk pregnancy (pre-eclampsia, GDM, APH), gynaecological oncology, labour management and contraception are the most commonly tested.
Which obstetrics topics are highest yield?
Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage, PPH, ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic disease and labour management are consistently the highest-yield obstetrics topics.
How important is gynaecological oncology?
Very important. Cervical cancer (screening, staging, treatment), endometrial cancer (risk factors, diagnosis) and ovarian cancer (tumour markers, staging) are tested almost every year.
Should I focus on Indian guidelines or international ones?
For NEET PG, Indian guidelines (MTP Act, national protocols) are preferred when they differ from international ones. For clinical management, standard textbook recommendations (Williams, Shaw) are followed.
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