Medical Mnemonics
General Surgery Mnemonics
Surgery tests both bedside assessment and structured management, and mnemonics carry you through trauma calls, lump examinations, and cancer decisions without missing a step. These fix the primary survey, the lethal triad, the melanoma warning signs, and the triple assessment that recur in clinics and NEET-PG. Say the acronym, then rehearse the examination step or treatment decision behind each letter so it holds up in a long case. Use them when presenting a swelling or handing over a trauma patient. Rebuild each list from the acronym rather than recognising it, since a complete, ordered clinical answer is what earns the marks.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
General Surgery Mnemonics
Surgery tests both bedside assessment and structured management, and mnemonics carry you through trauma calls, lump examinations, and cancer decisions without missing a step. These fix the primary survey, the lethal triad, the melanoma warning signs, and the triple assessment that recur in clinics and NEET-PG. Say the acronym, then rehearse the examination step or treatment decision behind each letter so it holds up in a long case. Use them when presenting a swelling or handing over a trauma patient. Rebuild each list from the acronym rather than recognising it, since a complete, ordered clinical answer is what earns the marks.
Surgery tests both bedside assessment and structured management, and mnemonics carry you through trauma calls, lump examinations, and cancer decisions without missing a step. These fix the primary survey, the lethal triad, the melanoma warning signs, and the triple assessment that recur in clinics and NEET-PG. Say the acronym, then rehearse the examination step or treatment decision behind each letter so it holds up in a long case. Use them when presenting a swelling or handing over a trauma patient. Rebuild each list from the acronym rather than recognising it, since a complete, ordered clinical answer is what earns the marks.
Mnemonics and expansions
- **ABCDE:** Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure. Structures the primary survey of a trauma or shocked patient.
- **Lethal triad:** Acidosis, Coagulopathy, Hypothermia. Names the self-reinforcing cycle in severe haemorrhagic shock.
- **ABCDE (melanoma):** Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variation, Diameter, Evolution. Flags the warning features of a suspicious pigmented lesion.
- **CIT:** Clinical assessment, Imaging, Tissue diagnosis. Gives the three limbs of breast triple assessment.
- **I-BROKE:** Inversion recent, Blood single-duct, Retraction, Orange-peel skin, hard Nodes, Eczema persistent. Lists the red-flag features in breast symptoms.
- **MARS:** Margins, Axilla, Radiotherapy, Systemic therapy. Frames the four treatment decisions in operable breast cancer.
- **SISTER:** Site, Size, Surface, Tenderness, Edge, Relation to skin and muscle. A checklist for documenting any lump.
- **Red-Yellow-Green-Black:** Red immediate, Yellow delayed, Green walking wounded, Black expectant. Colour-codes triage priorities in a mass-casualty incident.
- **GOPP:** Gut first, Oral if safe, Postpyloric if gastric fails, Parenteral last. Orders the escalation of nutritional support routes.
- **RILM:** Reduced intake, Increased losses, raised metabolic Load, Malabsorption. Groups the causes of surgical malnutrition.
- **Stones, bones, groans, moans:** Renal stones, Bone pain, Abdominal symptoms, Neuropsychiatric symptoms. Recalls the features of hypercalcaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism.
- **Merseburg triad:** Goitre, Exophthalmos, Tachycardia. Names the classic triad of Graves disease.
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