Medical Mnemonics
Psychiatry Mnemonics
Psychiatry examinations reward structured assessment, and mnemonics give that structure a spine. The lists below cover the areas that recur most: suicide risk, the personality clusters, the drug emergencies and the reversible causes of delirium that must never be missed. Several capture medication adverse effects and withdrawal syndromes where prompt recognition changes management. Use each acronym to organise an interview or a differential you already understand, not to replace clinical judgement. Knowing the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome or the criteria that mark high suicide risk can be the difference between a safe decision and a dangerous one. Each entry reflects core NMC competencies.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Psychiatry Mnemonics
Psychiatry examinations reward structured assessment, and mnemonics give that structure a spine. The lists below cover the areas that recur most: suicide risk, the personality clusters, the drug emergencies and the reversible causes of delirium that must never be missed. Several capture medication adverse effects and withdrawal syndromes where prompt recognition changes management. Use each acronym to organise an interview or a differential you already understand, not to replace clinical judgement. Knowing the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome or the criteria that mark high suicide risk can be the difference between a safe decision and a dangerous one. Each entry reflects core NMC competencies.
Psychiatry examinations reward structured assessment, and mnemonics give that structure a spine. The lists below cover the areas that recur most: suicide risk, the personality clusters, the drug emergencies and the reversible causes of delirium that must never be missed. Several capture medication adverse effects and withdrawal syndromes where prompt recognition changes management. Use each acronym to organise an interview or a differential you already understand, not to replace clinical judgement. Knowing the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome or the criteria that mark high suicide risk can be the difference between a safe decision and a dangerous one. Each entry reflects core NMC competencies.
Mnemonics and expansions
- **SAD PERSONS:** Sex (male), Age, Depression, Previous attempt, Ethanol, Rational thinking loss, Social support lacking, Organised plan, No spouse, Sickness. A suicide risk score; six or more suggests high risk warranting admission.
- **WEIRD, WILD, WORRIED:** Cluster A weird (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal), Cluster B wild (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic), Cluster C worried (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive). Groups the personality disorders into their three DSM clusters.
- **IMPULSIVE:** Identity disturbance, Mood instability, Paranoia or dissociation, Unstable relationships, Loneliness or emptiness, Self-harm, Impulsivity, Violent anger, Efforts to avoid abandonment. The nine criteria for borderline personality disorder; five are needed for diagnosis.
- **CAGE:** Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener. A four-question screen for problem drinking; two positives warrant fuller assessment.
- **FALTER:** Fever, Autonomic instability, Leucocytosis, Tremor, Elevated creatine kinase, Rigidity. The features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome; stop the antipsychotic at once.
- **SHIVERS:** Shivering, Hyperreflexia and clonus, Increased temperature, Vital sign instability, Encephalopathy, Restlessness, Sweating. Serotonin syndrome, distinguished from neuroleptic malignant syndrome by clonus and hyperreflexia rather than lead-pipe rigidity.
- **I WATCH DEATH:** Infection, Withdrawal, Acute metabolic, Trauma, CNS pathology, Hypoxia, Deficiencies, Endocrine, Acute vascular, Toxins, Heavy metals. A systematic screen for the reversible causes of delirium.
- **LITHIUM:** Leucocytosis, Insipidus (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), Tremor, Hypothyroidism, Increased weight, Undulating T-waves. The long-term adverse effects of lithium; monitor thyroid, renal function and serum levels.
- **FINISH:** Flu-like symptoms, Insomnia, Nausea, Imbalance, Sensory disturbance, Hyperarousal. SSRI discontinuation syndrome, worst with paroxetine and venlafaxine because of their short half-lives.
- **5 A's:** Alogia, Avolition, Anhedonia, Asociality, Affect (blunted). The negative symptoms of schizophrenia that predict long-term disability.
- **DEMENTIA:** Drugs, Emotional (depression), Metabolic, Eyes and ears, Nutritional, Tumour or trauma, Infection, Atherosclerosis. Screens for reversible causes of cognitive decline before diagnosing irreversible dementia.
- **ABC STAMP LICKER:** Appearance, Behaviour, Cooperation, Speech, Thought, Affect and mood, Mini-cognitive, Perception, Insight, Cognition, Knowledge (orientation), Executive function, Risk. A checklist so no domain of the mental state examination is missed.
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