Medical Mnemonics
Paediatrics Mnemonics
Paediatrics packs an enormous amount of numbers into every clinical encounter: growth milestones, fluid volumes, drug doses and vitamin schedules. The mnemonics below fix those figures so they surface at the cot side rather than after the ward round. They span nutrition, poisoning, micronutrient deficiency and neonatal care, mirroring the questions that recur in NEET-PG and MBBS vivas. Treat each acronym as a scaffold: understand why birth weight triples by a year or why oedema alone defines severe malnutrition, then let the mnemonic hold the detail. Accurate recall of a single dose or cut-off can change a child's outcome.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Paediatrics Mnemonics
Paediatrics packs an enormous amount of numbers into every clinical encounter: growth milestones, fluid volumes, drug doses and vitamin schedules. The mnemonics below fix those figures so they surface at the cot side rather than after the ward round. They span nutrition, poisoning, micronutrient deficiency and neonatal care, mirroring the questions that recur in NEET-PG and MBBS vivas. Treat each acronym as a scaffold: understand why birth weight triples by a year or why oedema alone defines severe malnutrition, then let the mnemonic hold the detail. Accurate recall of a single dose or cut-off can change a child's outcome.
Paediatrics packs an enormous amount of numbers into every clinical encounter: growth milestones, fluid volumes, drug doses and vitamin schedules. The mnemonics below fix those figures so they surface at the cot side rather than after the ward round. They span nutrition, poisoning, micronutrient deficiency and neonatal care, mirroring the questions that recur in NEET-PG and MBBS vivas. Treat each acronym as a scaffold: understand why birth weight triples by a year or why oedema alone defines severe malnutrition, then let the mnemonic hold the detail. Accurate recall of a single dose or cut-off can change a child's outcome.
Mnemonics and expansions
- **2 by 5, 3 by 1, 4 by 2:** Birth weight doubles by 5 months, triples by 1 year, quadruples by 2 years. A quick check of expected weight gain through infancy.
- **100-50-20 (Holliday-Segar):** 100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg, 50 for the next 10 kg, 20 for each kg beyond 20 (hourly rate: 4, 2, 1). Calculates maintenance fluid volume for a child of any weight.
- **DUMBELS:** Defecation, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia and bronchospasm, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation. The muscarinic features of organophosphorus poisoning, all reversed by atropine.
- **4 Ds:** Dermatitis, Diarrhoea, Dementia, Death. Niacin (B3) deficiency, or pellagra; the photosensitive Casal necklace rash is the skin clue.
- **DAD:** Dermatitis (acral and periorificial), Alopecia, Diarrhoea. The triad of acrodermatitis enteropathica from zinc deficiency, appearing after weaning.
- **OWL:** Oedema (bilateral pitting), Weight-for-height below minus 3 SD, Low MUAC under 11.5 cm. Any one gate classifies severe acute malnutrition; oedema is the most often missed.
- **150-50-100 (NAC):** 150 mg/kg loading over 1 hour, then 50 mg/kg over 4 hours, then 100 mg/kg over 16 hours. The intravenous N-acetylcysteine protocol for paracetamol overdose.
- **FLAT RDW:** Ferritin Low, Absorption capacity high (raised TIBC), Transferrin saturation down, RDW raised, Widened central pallor. The laboratory picture of iron deficiency anaemia.
- **Low Ca, Long QT:** Hypocalcaemia lengthens the QT interval; hypercalcaemia shortens it. A commonly tested link between serum calcium and the ECG.
- **CuFF the wrist:** Cupping, Fraying, Flaring at the wrist metaphysis. The classic wrist radiograph signs of rickets, best seen at the distal radius and ulna.
- **9 at 9:** 9 doses of vitamin A starting at 9 months; first dose 1 lakh IU, the rest 2 lakh IU every 6 months to 5 years. The National Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme schedule.
- **B12 has Both:** B12 deficiency affects Blood and Brain; folate deficiency affects Blood only. Only B12 deficiency causes neurological damage, and methylmalonic acid rises only in B12 deficiency.
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