Medical Mnemonics
Orthopaedics Mnemonics
Orthopaedics runs on classifications, and the ones that matter appear in almost every fracture clinic and exam paper. The mnemonics here hold the systems you cannot afford to fumble: ossification order, fracture-dislocation eponyms, open-fracture grading and the signs of compartment syndrome. They also cover the paediatric and oncological patterns that catch candidates out. Learn the anatomy and mechanism behind each acronym first, then let the phrase carry the list into the trauma bay. Recognising compartment syndrome early or grading an open fracture correctly changes what happens next for the limb. Each entry maps to a core NMC competency.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Orthopaedics Mnemonics
Orthopaedics runs on classifications, and the ones that matter appear in almost every fracture clinic and exam paper. The mnemonics here hold the systems you cannot afford to fumble: ossification order, fracture-dislocation eponyms, open-fracture grading and the signs of compartment syndrome. They also cover the paediatric and oncological patterns that catch candidates out. Learn the anatomy and mechanism behind each acronym first, then let the phrase carry the list into the trauma bay. Recognising compartment syndrome early or grading an open fracture correctly changes what happens next for the limb. Each entry maps to a core NMC competency.
Orthopaedics runs on classifications, and the ones that matter appear in almost every fracture clinic and exam paper. The mnemonics here hold the systems you cannot afford to fumble: ossification order, fracture-dislocation eponyms, open-fracture grading and the signs of compartment syndrome. They also cover the paediatric and oncological patterns that catch candidates out. Learn the anatomy and mechanism behind each acronym first, then let the phrase carry the list into the trauma bay. Recognising compartment syndrome early or grading an open fracture correctly changes what happens next for the limb. Each entry maps to a core NMC competency.
Mnemonics and expansions
- **CRITOE:** Capitellum, Radial head, Internal epicondyle, Trochlea, Olecranon, External epicondyle. The order the elbow ossification centres appear in children, useful when reading a paediatric elbow film.
- **MUG:** Monteggia = Ulna fracture with radial head dislocation; Galeazzi = Radius fracture with distal radioulnar joint disruption. Separates the two commonly missed forearm fracture-dislocations.
- **Garden 1 to 4:** 1 incomplete impacted, 2 complete undisplaced, 3 partially displaced, 4 fully displaced. Grades femoral neck fracture displacement, which guides fixation versus replacement.
- **Weber ABC:** A below the syndesmosis, B at the syndesmosis, C above it. Classifies ankle fractures by fibular level and predicts stability.
- **6 Ps:** Pain, Pallor, Paraesthesia, Paralysis, Pulselessness, Poikilothermia. The signs of compartment syndrome; pain on passive stretch appears early, pulselessness late.
- **Gustilo I to IIIC:** I clean under 1 cm, II over 1 cm, IIIA coverable, IIIB needs a flap, IIIC needs arterial repair. Grades open fractures and guides antibiotics and soft-tissue management.
- **Ponseti CAVE:** Cavus first, then Adductus and Varus, then Equinus last. The order of deformity correction when casting clubfoot.
- **Seddon:** Neuropraxia, Axonotmesis, Neurotmesis. The three grades of peripheral nerve injury in increasing severity.
- **LOAF:** Lumbricals 1 and 2, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis. The thenar and radial-side muscles supplied by the median nerve.
- **SUN-COD-ALP:** Sunburst pattern, Codman triangle, raised Alkaline phosphatase. The recognition features of osteosarcoma.
- **Ewing 11;22 onion:** t(11;22) translocation, diaphyseal small round blue cell tumour, onion-skin periosteal reaction. The key features of Ewing sarcoma.
- **DEXA T-score:** Above minus 1 is normal, minus 1 to minus 2.5 is osteopenia, minus 2.5 or lower is osteoporosis. Interprets bone mineral density on a DEXA scan.
Continue reading
MnemonicsAll medical mnemonics
Browse mnemonic collections across all subjects.
Connect every Orthopaedics mnemonic to its chapter
Explore clinician-written learning resources, structured revision and practice across the MedNext platform.
Open in the MedNext appSee plans

