Formulary
Xipamide: Indications, Dosing, Side Effects and Interactions
Xipamide clinical drug profile including indications, dosing, side effects, cautions and interactions.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Xipamide: Indications, Dosing, Side Effects and Interactions
Xipamide clinical drug profile including indications, dosing, side effects, cautions and interactions.
Indications and dose
**Oedema**
- **Adult** (By Mouth): Initially 40 mg daily, dose to be taken in the morning, increased if necessary to 80 mg daily, higher dose to be used in resistant cases; maintenance 20 mg daily, dose to be taken in the morning.
**Hypertension**
- **Adult** (By Mouth): 20 mg daily, dose to be taken in the morning.
Cautions
For all thiazides and related diuretics Diabetes; gout; risk of hypokalaemia; systemic lupus erythematosus Cautions, further information Existing conditions Thiazides and related diuretics can exacerbate diabetes, gout, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Potassium loss Hypokalaemia can occur with thiazides and related diuretics. Hypokalaemia is dangerous in severe cardiovascular disease and in patients also being treated with cardiac glycosides. Often the use of potassium-sparing diuretics avoids the need to take potassium supplements. In hepatic impairment, hypokalaemia caused by diuretics can precipitate encephalopathy. Elderly Lower initial doses of diuretics may be necessary in the elderly because they are particularly susceptible to the side-effects. The dose should then be adjusted according to renal function. M Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria to aid medication reviews (see Prescribing in the elderly for information). Potentially inappropriate: with current significant hypokalaemia (serum potassium less than 3 mmol/L), hyponatraemia (serum sodium less than 130 mmol/L), or hypercalcaemia (corrected serum calcium greater than 2.65 mmol/L)-contra-indicated; hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, and hypercalcaemia can be precipitated by a thiazide diuretic with a history of gout (gout can be precipitated by a thiazide diuretic) Cautions For xipamide Acute porphyrias
Contraindications
For all thiazides and related diuretics Addison's disease; hypercalcaemia; hyponatraemia; refractory hypokalaemia; symptomatic hyperuricaemia
Side effects
For all thiazides and related diuretics Common or very common Alkalosis hypochloraemic; constipation; diarrhoea; dizziness; electrolyte imbalance; erectile dysfunction; fatigue; headache; hyperglycaemia; hyperuricaemia; nausea; postural hypotension; skin reactions; vomiting Uncommon Agranulocytosis; aplastic anaemia; leucopenia; pancreatitis; photosensitivity reaction; thrombocytopenia Rare or very rare Paraesthesia Side-effects For xipamide Common or very common Anxiety; dry mouth; gastrointestinal discomfort; gouty arthritis; hyperhidrosis; lethargy; muscle complaints; palpitations Rare or very rare Cholecystitis acute; hyperlipidaemia; jaundice; nephritis acute interstitial; pancreatitis haemorrhagic; vision disorders
Pregnancy
For all thiazides and related diuretics Thiazides and related diuretics should not be used to treat gestational hypertension. They may cause neonatal thrombocytopenia, bone marrow suppression, jaundice, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoglycaemia; placental perfusion may also be reduced. Stimulation of labour, uterine inertia, and meconium staining have also been reported.
Breast feeding
No information available.
Hepatic impairment
For all thiazides and related diuretics In general, manufacturer advises caution in mild to moderate impairment; avoid in severe impairment.
Renal impairment
For all thiazides and related diuretics In general, manufacturers advise caution in mild to moderate impairment (risk of electrolyte imbalance and reduced renal function); avoid in severe impairment (ineffective if creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/minute). See Prescribing in renal impairment .
Medicinal forms
Clinical governance
**Author:** MedNext Clinical Team. **Clinical reviewer:** Dr Shameer Deen, MBBS, MS, MRCS. **Sources:** BNF, Indian Pharmacopoeia, CIMS India. **Correction:** Report errors at support@mednext.academy.
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