Pharmacology Cheat Sheet
Experimental Method and Ethical Communication
Experimental pharmacology for NEET-PG: competitive vs non-competitive antagonism, bioassay, injection routes, animal ethics, and prescribing law.
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Experimental Method and Ethical Communication
Experimental pharmacology for NEET-PG: competitive vs non-competitive antagonism, bioassay, injection routes, animal ethics, and prescribing law.
Experimental pharmacology and communication covering bioassay, dose-response analysis, drug administration technique, animal ethics, and prescribing law.
High-yield lines
- In competitive antagonism the agonist dose-response curve shifts right with unchanged maximum, while non-competitive antagonism depresses the maximum response.
- The pA2 value quantifies competitive antagonist affinity as the negative logarithm of the concentration requiring a doubling of the agonist dose.
- A valid bioassay requires a standard preparation of known potency and a test that acts on the same receptor by the same mechanism.
- Phase I trials ask whether a drug is safe, Phase II whether it works, Phase III whether it is better, and Phase IV what was missed.
- The five primary parenteral and enteral routes taught in skills labs are oral, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous.
- Extravasation of vesicants like vincristine and doxorubicin requires stopping the infusion, with hyaluronidase for vinca alkaloids and dexrazoxane for anthracyclines.
- The teach-back method is the gold standard for verifying patient understanding rather than asking do you understand.
- No animal experiment may be conducted without prior approval of the study protocol by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee.
- The five rights of medication administration are the right patient, drug, dose, route, and time.
- Schedule H1 prescriptions must be retained by the pharmacist for 3 years to curb over-the-counter sale of key antibiotics.
- Narrow therapeutic index drugs commonly requiring monitoring include lithium, digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, and aminoglycosides.
- Fixed-dose combinations such as tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz improve adherence by reducing pill burden.
- The Nuremberg Code of 1947 established that voluntary consent is absolutely essential in human experimentation.
- Lipodystrophy at repeated subcutaneous injection sites impairs insulin absorption, so site rotation must be taught.
Mapped competency codes
- PH4.1
- PH4.2
- PH5.1
- PH5.2
- PH5.3
- PH5.4
- PH5.5
- PH5.6
- PH5.7
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This summary maps to PH18-experimental-pharmacology-and-communication.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do competitive and non-competitive antagonism differ on the dose-response curve?
Competitive antagonism shifts the curve right with unchanged maximum, while non-competitive antagonism lowers the maximum response.
What are the five rights of medication administration?
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time.
How is drug extravasation of vesicants managed?
Stop the infusion and aspirate, then use hyaluronidase for vinca alkaloids and DMSO or dexrazoxane for anthracyclines.
What approval is required before animal experiments?
Prior approval of the protocol by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, with additional CPCSEA scrutiny for higher animals.
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