Pathology Cheat Sheet
Read Glands in Context
Endometrial and myometrial pathology for NEET-PG: unopposed oestrogen hyperplasia, type I vs II carcinoma, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and pelvic endometriosis.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Read Glands in Context
Endometrial and myometrial pathology for NEET-PG: unopposed oestrogen hyperplasia, type I vs II carcinoma, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and pelvic endometriosis.
Endometrial carcinoma, endometrial hyperplasia, adenomyosis, and endometriosis, and smooth muscle tumours of the uterus.
High-yield lines
- Endometrial hyperplasia results from unopposed oestrogen stimulation and can progress to carcinoma when atypia is present.
- Type I endometrial carcinoma is oestrogen-related, endometrioid, and often preceded by hyperplasia.
- Type II endometrial carcinoma is oestrogen-independent, serous, aggressive, and associated with TP53 mutation.
- Endometrial carcinoma classically presents as postmenopausal bleeding.
- Risk factors for endometrial carcinoma include obesity, nulliparity, unopposed oestrogen, and tamoxifen.
- Leiomyoma is the most common uterine tumour, a benign smooth muscle tumour that is oestrogen-dependent.
- Leiomyoma shows whorled bundles of smooth muscle and may undergo degeneration.
- Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant smooth muscle tumour with atypia, necrosis, and high mitotic activity.
- Adenomyosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium causing a bulky uterus.
- Endometriosis is endometrial tissue outside the uterus that responds to hormones and causes cyclical bleeding.
- Endometriosis of the ovary forms chocolate cysts filled with old blood.
- Endometriosis is a cause of dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and infertility.
Mapped competency codes
- PA30.2
- PA30.3
- PA30.8
- PA30.9
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This summary maps to PA30-female-genital-tract.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes endometrial hyperplasia?
Unopposed oestrogen stimulation, which can progress to endometrial carcinoma when cytological atypia develops.
How do type I and type II endometrial carcinoma differ?
Type I is oestrogen-related endometrioid carcinoma preceded by hyperplasia, while type II is oestrogen-independent aggressive serous carcinoma with TP53 mutation.
What is the difference between adenomyosis and endometriosis?
Adenomyosis is endometrial tissue within the myometrium producing a bulky uterus, while endometriosis is endometrial tissue outside the uterus causing cyclical pain and chocolate cysts.
How is leiomyoma distinguished from leiomyosarcoma?
Leiomyoma is a benign whorled smooth muscle tumour, while leiomyosarcoma shows cytological atypia, necrosis, and high mitotic activity.
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