Community Medicine Cheat Sheet
Promotion Builds Control, Not Compliance
Health promotion and education: Ottawa Charter five action areas, IEC versus BCC and SBCC, PRECEDE-PROCEED and method selection for NEET-PG community medicine.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Promotion Builds Control, Not Compliance
Health promotion and education: Ottawa Charter five action areas, IEC versus BCC and SBCC, PRECEDE-PROCEED and method selection for NEET-PG community medicine.
Health promotion and education tie the message, method and evaluation to a concrete behaviour, framed by the Ottawa Charter five action areas and the progression from IEC to BCC and SBCC.
High-yield lines
- Health education is a planned, evidence-based process that informs, motivates and equips people to adopt health-protective behaviours.
- WHO defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.
- The Ottawa Charter of 1986 identifies five action areas of health promotion.
- The five Ottawa Charter action areas are build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills and reorient health services.
- The Jakarta Declaration of 1997 added social responsibility, investment, partnerships and community capacity to health promotion.
- The Bangkok Charter of 2005 recognised globalisation, urbanisation and commercial determinants of health.
- Information, Education and Communication generates awareness through one-directional designed messages.
- Behaviour Change Communication identifies the specific barrier between knowledge and practice and uses two-way channels.
- Social and Behaviour Change Communication extends BCC to community and structural levels.
- Individual methods such as counselling give deep two-way feedback but reach few people.
- Mass approaches such as posters and radio reach many people but give little feedback.
- The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides a framework for planning and evaluating health-education programmes.
- Community action means communities holding decision-making power and resources, not merely attending a talk.
- Effective health education ties message, method and evaluation to a specific defined behaviour.
Mapped competency codes
- CM4.1
- CM4.2
- CM4.3
Continue into the full chapter
This summary maps to CM4-principles-of-health-promotion-and-education.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter?
Build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills and reorient health services.
How does IEC differ from BCC?
IEC is one-directional awareness-raising, while BCC identifies the specific barrier between knowledge and practice and uses two-way channels to change behaviour.
How does WHO define health promotion?
As the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health, with health education as one of its strategies.
What is the trade-off between individual and mass health-education methods?
Individual methods give deep two-way feedback but reach few people, while mass methods reach many but offer little feedback.
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