Community Medicine Cheat Sheet
Health Crosses Borders and Sectors
International health: IHR 2005, PHEIC declarations, WHO history, One Health and the FCTC MPOWER tobacco framework for NEET-PG community medicine revision.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Health Crosses Borders and Sectors
International health: IHR 2005, PHEIC declarations, WHO history, One Health and the FCTC MPOWER tobacco framework for NEET-PG community medicine revision.
International health addresses health problems, determinants and responses that cross national boundaries or need cooperation between countries, anchored by the International Health Regulations 2005 and the One Health approach.
High-yield lines
- International health addresses health problems and organised responses that cross national boundaries or require cooperation between countries.
- The first International Sanitary Conference was held in Paris in 1851 to coordinate quarantine against cholera.
- WHO replaced the Health Organisation of the League of Nations in 1948.
- The International Health Regulations of 1969 covered only cholera, plague and yellow fever.
- The revised International Health Regulations 2005 use a risk-based framework covering any public-health emergency of international concern.
- A Public Health Emergency of International Concern is an extraordinary event that constitutes a public-health risk to other states through international spread of disease.
- Only the WHO Director-General can declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
- Temporary recommendations under the International Health Regulations expire automatically after three months if not renewed.
- The International Health Regulations 2005 entered into force for India on 8 August 2007.
- Global health is broader than international health and focuses on worldwide determinants and health equity.
- One Health recognises that human, animal and environmental health are interdependent and inseparable.
- The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is the first international public-health treaty and uses the MPOWER package of demand-reduction measures.
- The eradication, elimination and control spectrum describes the goals of international disease programmes.
- PHEICs declared since 2005 include H1N1 influenza in 2009, polio in 2014, Ebola in 2014 and Zika in 2016.
Mapped competency codes
- CM18.1
- CM18.2
Continue into the full chapter
This summary maps to CM18-international-health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What replaced the narrow disease list of the earlier International Health Regulations?
The International Health Regulations 2005 adopted a risk-based framework covering any event that may constitute a public-health emergency of international concern.
Who can declare a PHEIC and how long do temporary recommendations last?
Only the WHO Director-General can declare a PHEIC, and the temporary recommendations that follow expire automatically after three months unless renewed.
How does global health differ from international health?
Global health is a broader term for worldwide determinants and health equity, while international health focuses on cross-border risks and cooperation between countries.
What is the One Health concept?
It recognises that human, animal and environmental health are interdependent, which is essential for managing zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance and food safety.
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