Community Medicine Cheat Sheet
Continuity Makes Reproductive Care Safer
RMNCH continuum of care: India MMR 97, IMR 28, immunisation 76.4 percent and NFHS-5 anaemia and nutrition figures for NEET-PG community medicine revision.
MedNext Academy | 3 min read
Continuity Makes Reproductive Care Safer
RMNCH continuum of care: India MMR 97, IMR 28, immunisation 76.4 percent and NFHS-5 anaemia and nutrition figures for NEET-PG community medicine revision.
Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health is read as a single life-course continuum where each stage shapes the next, tracked through indicators such as MMR, IMR, immunisation coverage and anaemia prevalence.
High-yield lines
- India's maternal mortality ratio was 97 per lakh live births according to the Sample Registration System 2018-20, down from 254 in 2004-06.
- The infant mortality rate was 28 per 1,000 live births according to the Sample Registration System 2020.
- Neonatal deaths account for roughly 50 to 55 percent of under-five deaths in India, making the first 28 days the highest-risk window.
- NFHS-5 (2019-21) placed the under-five mortality rate at 41.9 per 1,000 live births.
- NFHS-5 found 35.5 percent of under-five children stunted, 19.3 percent wasted and 32.1 percent underweight.
- Anaemia affected 57.0 percent of women aged 15 to 49 years and 67.1 percent of children aged 6 to 59 months in NFHS-5.
- Institutional delivery reached 88.6 percent nationally in NFHS-5, up from 38.7 percent in NFHS-3.
- Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth was only 41.8 percent in NFHS-5.
- Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months was 63.7 percent in NFHS-5.
- Full immunisation coverage by the first birthday was 76.4 percent in NFHS-5, up from 62.0 percent in NFHS-4.
- Antenatal care coverage of at least four visits was 58.6 percent in NFHS-5.
- The total fertility rate reached 2.0 in NFHS-5, at national replacement level, though Bihar remained high at about 2.98.
- Low birth weight, defined as birth weight below 2,500 grams, affected an estimated 27 percent of Indian newborns.
- High institutional delivery does not guarantee quality, so anaemia detection, early breastfeeding and postnatal home visits must all be tracked.
Mapped competency codes
- CM10.1
- CM10.2
- CM10.3
- CM10.4
- CM10.5
- CM10.6
- CM10.7
- CM10.8
- CM10.9
Continue into the full chapter
This summary maps to CM10-reproductive-maternal-and-child-health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is India's maternal mortality ratio and its source?
It was 97 per lakh live births according to the Sample Registration System 2018-20, down from 254 in 2004-06.
What proportion of under-five deaths in India are neonatal?
Roughly 50 to 55 percent of under-five deaths occur in the neonatal period, making the first 28 days the highest-risk window.
What was full immunisation coverage in NFHS-5?
Full immunisation coverage by the first birthday was 76.4 percent in NFHS-5, up from 62.0 percent in NFHS-4.
Why can high institutional delivery still coexist with high neonatal mortality?
Facility delivery does not ensure quality antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care, so untreated anaemia, delayed breastfeeding and missed postnatal visits keep mortality high.
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